José F. Montesinos, Galdós (Madrid: Castalia, 1968), 2, p. 139.

La desheredada manuscript, Part 1, p. 382. In this transcription the brackets indicate what Galdós crossed out in the manuscript, while all underlined words were written interlinearly.

Benito Pérez Galdós, La desheredada (Madrid: La Guirnalda, n. d.), I, XII, p. 177. This is the first edition.

Since the change does not appear in the manuscript, Galdós probably made it when he was correcting the proofs.

Luis S. Granjel, «La frenología en España (vida y obra de Mariano Cubí)», in Cuadernos de la historia de la medicina española, monografías vol. 24 (1973), pp. 11-59. The quote in the text is from p. 14. Gilbert Fess explains in a little more detail: «The general shape of the cranium is determined by that of the brain, and local inequalities of the latter will be reflected in protuberances on the surface of the former. The examination of phrenological features is therefore an accurate means of securing a knowledge of brain anatomy and the corresponding qualities of character»; see his «The Correspondence of Physical and Material Factors with Character in Balzac». Diss. University of Pennsylvania, 1924, p. 12.

There are casual references to phrenological terminology throughout English literature or the nineteenth and even early twentieth centuries, from Charlotte Brontë to Bernard Shaw. And in the United States, phrenological periodicals and journals flourished unto the beginning of the 1900s; see Madeline B. Stern's interesting account of America's family of phrenological apostles, Heads and Headlines: The Phrenological Fowlers (Norman, Oklahoma, 1971).

For the full bibliographical references to these exposiciones and exposiciones razonadas, see Granjel, pp. 16-19.

Ramón Carnicer notes that

salvo el primer encuentro con la obra de [Dr. George] Combe, en 1828, su camino de Damasco frenológico se abrió en 1836. A la lectura de Combe siguieron las de Spurtzheim y Gall, con visitas a Fowler y Buchanan [famous American phrenologists] para resolver dudas. En el mismo año de 1836, cuando se considera debidamente preparado, emprende viajes por todos estados de la Unión..., visita universidades y colegios, cárceles y presidios, examina más de dos mil cabezas, da cursos y conferencias en español e inglés y en diez días escribe una «Introducción a la frenología por un catalán».

See Ramón Carnicer, Entre la ciencia y la magia: Mariano Cubí (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1969), p. 101.

Cubí took it very seriously indeed; it became a sort of crusade for him, and he was to refer to himself as «El Apóstol de la Frenolojía en España» in his magnum opus, La Frenolojía i sus glorias (Barcelona, 1853). See Granjel, p. 43.

Carnicer, p. 101.