141
Villota, 20, 171, 205. Cf. Caso, Notas críticas, 208-209. One must share Caso's astonishment at seeing Jovellanos, once furiously attacked as a heretic and subversive, now converted into a Thomist.
142
Reglamento para el Colegio de Calatrava (1790), O 1: 221a. Cf. TTP 1: 249a: «esgrima de palabras».
143
HU, III: x, §§6-13, IV: xvii, §§4-8; John Locke, Of the conduct of the understanding, in The educational writings of John Locke, ed. John William Adamson, 242, Cambridge, England, 1922; Louis Robert, Les théories logiques de Condillac, 79, Paris, 1869.
144
J[esús] E[varisto] Casariego, Jovellanos o el equilibrio (ideas, desventuras y virtudes del inmortal hidalgo de Gijón), 80, Madrid, 1943.
145
R. P. M. F. Dionisio Otaño, speech in Memoria de las públicas demostraciones de júbilo en la promoción del Excelentísimo Señor D. Gaspar Melchor de Jove-Llanos, á la Embaxada de Rusia y Ministerio de Gracia y Justicia, por la Real Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País de Asturias, 29-30, 35-36, Oviedo, 1798.
146
Letter to Floranes, O 4: 232b. Jovellanos' «Bonet» is presumably the Genevese philosopher Charles Bonnet, 1720-1793. Eximeno's Institutiones philosophicae et mathematicae were not available to me, but one can judge of his logic and epistemology from his De studiis... (see above, p. 13, n. 40). He relies chiefly on Locke, though his expository style of questions, answers, definitions, etc., is alien to Locke's «plain historical method». Himself a priest, he must have «purified» some theologically objectionable aspects of the thought of Locke and Condillac. I doubt that Jovellanos' comment on him means more than that.
147
See above, p. 10, n. 28. Victoriano Sánchez Cifuentes, quoted by Somoza, Inventario, 154, ascribes «las primeras lecciones» of the CHC to Jovellanos. This part of the work is the most important for our purpose, and Jovellanos' authorship of it is confirmed by D 13.vii.94, 1: 454, which tells of Jovellanos' writing a «plan de la enseñanza de buenas letras castellanas» which must correspond to the «Plan» of CHC 1: 101-104.
148
TTP 1: 249a. Most dictionaries derive ideology and its cognates in other languages from French idéologie, supposedly coined by Destutt de Tracy in 1796. The word existed, however, both in French and in Spanish, by 1776, when Antonio de Capmany included it among «voces de la lengua docta, aunque no lo sean del Diccionario» (prologue to his Arte de traduzir el idioma francés al castellano, Madrid, 1776, quoted in [Cipriano Muñoz y Manzano,] conde de la Viñaza, Biblioteca histórica de la filología castellana, 906, Madrid, 1893). When Jovellanos writes «ideología» in 1802 he may reflect the vogue given to the term by the French sensualists, though I do not recall his ever mentioning Destutt de Tracy; but one should not conclude too much from the use of a word which was considered current by Capmany more than a quarter-century earlier.
149
TTP 1: 249. «Filosofía racional» as opposed to natural philosophy, i. e., natural science.
150
Bases para la formación de un plan general de instrucción pública (1809), O 1: 272.