Studien über die Bildung einer moralischen Phraseologie im Romanischen, Analecta Romanica, Beih. III to RF, ed. F. Schalk (Frankfurt a/M., 1956). Reviewed by C. T. Gossen, RPh, XIV (1960-61), 273-276.

These, in the order studied, are: Poema de Mio Cid, ed. R. Menéndez Pidal, 5th printing (Madrid, 1946); «Razón de amor...», ed. R. Menéndez Pidal, RH, XIII (1905), 602-618; «Auto de los Reyes Magos», ed. R. Menéndez Pidal, RABM, IV (1900), reprinted in J. D. M. Ford, ed., Old Spanish Readings (Boston, 1911); Gonzalo de Berceo, Milagros de Nuestra Señora, ed. A. G. Solalinde, 4th printing (Madrid, 1952); id., La vida de Santo Domingo de Silos, ed. J. D. Fitz-Gerald, BÉHÉ, CXLIX (1904); id., Vida de San Millán, in F. Janer, ed., Poetas castellanos anteriores al siglo XV, BAE, LVII (Madrid, 1864); Poema de Fernán González, ed. A. Zamora Vicente, 2d printing (Madrid, 1954); El libro de Alexandre, ed. R. S. Willis, Jr., EM, 32 (Princeton and Paris, 1934), in which I follow the Paris MS, simplifying paleographic details; Alfonso el Sabio, General estoria, I, ed. A. G. Solalinde (Madrid, 1930); II: 1, eds. A. G. Solalinde, L. A. Kasten, and V. R. B. Oelschläger (Madrid, 1957); El libro del cavallero Zifar, I, ed. C. P. Wagner (Ann Arbor, 1929); Juan Manuel, El Conde Lucanor, ed. H. Knust (Leipzig, 1900); id., Libro de los estados, in P. de Gayangos, ed., Escritores en prosa anteriores al siglo XV, BAE, LI (1860); Juan Ruiz, Libro de Buen Amor, ed. J. Ducamin (Toulouse, 1901); Santob de Carrión, Proverbios morales, ed. I. González Llubera (Cambridge [England], 1947); Pero López de Ayala, Poesías, ed. A. F. Kuersteiner, 2 vols. (New York 1920), in which I follow MS N, except when prefixing «E»; Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, El Arcipreste de Talavera o sea El Corbacho, ed. L. B. Simpson (Berkeley, 1939); Ýñigo López de Mendoza, Marqués de Santillana, «Sonetos fechos al itálico modo», «Proverbios», «La Comedieta de Ponça», «Bias contra Fortuna», and minor works in R. Foulché-Delbosc, ed., Cancionero castellano del siglo XV, I, NBAE, XIX (1912); Juan de Mena, «El Laberinto de Fortuna» and «Coplas contra los pecados mortales», in Foulché-Delbosc, op. cit.; id., «Proemio» to Álvaro de Luna, Libro de las virtuosas é claras mujeres, ed. M. Menéndez Pelayo (Madrid, 1891); Jorge Manrique, Cancionero, ed. A. Cortina, 3d printing (Madrid, 1952); Fernán Pérez de Guzmán, Generaciones y semblanzas [including Mar de historias (capítulos inéditos) and other writings], ed. J. Domínguez Bordona (Madrid, 1954); Fernando del Pulgar, Letras. Glosa a las coplas de Mingo Revulgo, ed. id. (Madrid, 1949); id., Claros varones de Castilla, ed. id. (Madrid, 1954); Diego de San Pedro, Obras, ed. S. Gili y Gaya (Madrid, 1950). Glasser quotes from Berceo's Santa Oria, Juan Manuel's Conde Lucanor, Juan Ruiz, Mena's Laberinto, and Jorge Manrique. In matters of accentuation and related norms I generally follow the original editions, except for minor self-explanatory emendations. I should like to thank Doña María Rosa Lida de Malkiel for her assistance in choosing the texts. Her very valuable advice does not, of course, release me from the sole responsibility for omissions, inclusions, and conclusions.

The imbalances in Glasser's study, as well as the effect of our effort to correct them, appear from the following approximate comparisons based on his Index (the figures outside parentheses refer to Glasser's study, those in parentheses, to the same study combined with the present additions). Number of authors quoted: It., 55; Fr., 101; Sp. 25 (39). Percentage of authors prior to 1500: It., 40; Fr., 60; Sp., 31 (54). Percentage of references to works written before 1500: It., 47; Fr., 37; Sp., 8 (60). Percentage of references to narrative, epic, and didactic verse (genres strongly represented in Spanish literature): It., 12; Fr., 20; Sp., 4 (21). Percentage of references to drama (a genre hardly present in Spain before 1500): It., 1; Fr., 12; Sp., 47 (21). Dante, Boccaccio, and Petrarch account for 31% of the references to Italian literature; Ronsard and Montaigne, for 24% of those to French; Lope de Vega alone, for 38% (17%), and Lope, Calderón, and Gracián together, for 59% (26%) of those to Spanish.

The assertion that «die Vorstellung der Unfähigkeit des Abstraktums, auf den Menschen einzuwirken, ist hier fern» might be too hasty.

Glasser's earliest Spanish examples are drawn from Garcilaso and Juan de Valdés, a situation which leads him to ask, «Ist es Zufall, daß unsere ältesten spanischen Belege von Schriftstellern stammen, die in Italien weilten und Übermittler der Renaissance an Spanien waren?» (32).

Although the Amadís and the Sergas de Esplandián, already quoted by Glasser, exceed the chronological limits of this article, the examination of seventy chapters of these works (about a quarter of the text) has yielded some tentative results. Abstractum impotens appears without significant frequency-variation in all four books of the Amadís and in the Sergas. This is also true of homo reagens taken as a whole; but expressions of avoidance are concentrated in Books II and III, while the type lasciarsi vincere appears in Books III and IV and the Sergas.