Vernacular Commentaries and Glosses in Late Medieval Castile, I: A Checklist of Castilian Authors

Julian Weiss

The importance of marginal annotation and commentary for our understanding of book culture -bibliography understood in its broadest sense- has long been recognized. Equally well known is the taxonomic scope and function of this phenomenon, be it a single scribbled (re)mark in the margins of a personal copy or the systematic forms of commentary and gloss that were designed to be an integral part of the transmission of a particular work. The aim of this survey is to provide documentary evidence for the practice of formal glossing and commentary in the hope that it will facilitate further codicological and palaeographical analyses of particular cases, and shed more light on the vernacular, non-professional, literary culture of late medieval Castile¹.

This checklist should be considered a work in progress: amendments and corrections are welcome. It comes in three parts. The present contribution (numbered A1, A2, etc.) covers commentaries and glosses on Castilian vernacular authors in prose and verse. A companion checklist (numbered B1, B2, etc.) is devoted to vernacular commentaries and glosses on translated classics, ancient and modern (Seneca, Dante, etc)². A third, currently in preparation, covers biblical and patristic texts, also in Castilian translation.

I exclude, however, interlinear glosses that were so common in schoolbooks, as well as interpolated glosses that were an essential part of the vernacular translation process -one example (among many) would be the explanatory glosses incorporated into the text of translations of Seneca's Tragedies³. Also beyond the scope of the present survey is the poetic form known as the glosa, although the relationship between verse glosas and prose annotation merits further study as part of the history of reading and the continuum between reading and creativity⁴. The relationship between the literary glosa and the explanatory marginal gloss surveyed here is a fascinating one: its possibilities could be explored through an analysis of the content and layout of several sixteenth-century verse glosas on Manrique's Coplas or of the innovative prose glosa that Francesc Moner (1469-92) used to create a Boethian prosimetrum out of the canción 'Pues no mejora mi suerte' (Barcelona: Carles Amorós, 1528, fols 14r-15v).

The checklist covers works produced up to 1520, the end of the post-incunable period. However, there is obviously a degree of arbitrariness to this terminus ad quem: it does not imply a watertight periodization and it conceals some important continuities in literary practice and textual transmission. I have occasionally included very schematic comments on layout and the various techniques employed by scribes and printers for relating gloss to text. One common practice is to repeat the glossed phrase, introduced by a paraph, occasionally with the glossed phrase also underlined in red in the text. But a variety of other solutions existed (when scribes bothered with such matters), and these codicological aspects, as well as the difficulties of mise-en-page sometimes encountered in the new print medium, all need further study⁵.

In the entries 'Author' denotes the author of the commentary or gloss.

• BETA: Bibliografía Española de Textos Antiguos, at PhiloBiblon, <http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/philobiblon/>.
• BNE: Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España.
• BnF: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France.
• Conde, La creación: Juan Carlos Conde López, La creación de un discurso historiográfico en el cuatrocientos castellano: 'Las siete edades del mundo' de Pablo de Santa María (estudio y edición crítica) (Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 1999).
• Diccionario filológico: Diccionario filológico de literatura medieval española: textos y transmisión, ed. Carlos Alvar and José Manuel Lucía Megías, Nueva biblioteca de erudición y crítica, 21 (Madrid: Castalia, 2002).
• Dutton: Brian Dutton et al., El cancionero del siglo XV, c. 1360-1520, Biblioteca española del siglo XV, 7 vols (Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 1990-91). I use Dutton's sigla for manuscript and printed sources and his ID numbers for individual texts.
• Esc.: Biblioteca del Monasterio de El Escorial.
• Faulhaber: Charles B. Faulhaber, Medieval Manuscripts in the Library of the Hispanic Society of America, 2 vols (New York: The Hispanic Society of America, 1983).
• Foulché-Delbosc: Cancionero castellano del siglo XV, ed. Raymond Foulché-Delbosc, NBAE, 19, 22 (Madrid: Bailly-Baillière, 1912, 1915).
• ISTC: Incunabula Short Title Catalogue <http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/istc/>.
• Martín Abad: Julián Martín Abad, Post-incunables ibéricos (Madrid: Ollero & Ramos, 2001).
• Moreno: Manuel Moreno, descriptions of manuscript cancioneros in An Electronic Corpus of 15th Century Castilian Cancionero Manuscripts <http://cancionerovirtual.liv.ac.uk/contrib-ms-morenom.htm>.
• Norton: F. J. Norton, A Descriptive Catalogue of Printing in Spain and Portugal, 1501-1520 (Cambridge: CUP, 1978).
• Viña Liste: José María Viña Liste et al., Cronología de la literatura española, I: Edad Media (Madrid: Cátedra, 1991).
• Weiss, The Poet's Art: Julian Weiss, The Poet's Art: Literary Theory in Castile c. 1400-60, Medium Aevum Monographs, New Series, 14 (Oxford: The Society for the Study of Mediaeval Languages and Literature, 1990).
• Zarco Cuevas: J. Zarco Cuevas, Catálogo de los manuscritos castellanos de la Real Biblioteca de El Escorial, 3 vols (Madrid and San Lorenzo de El Escorial: Imprenta Helénica, 1924-29).

• Author: Anonymous.
• Date: 1506-19 (Domínguez, edition, pp. 27-28); 1498-1519 (Varo, edition, pp. 76-79); shortly after the death of Ferdinand of Aragon, 1516 (Domínguez, 'Carajicomedia and Fernando el Católico's Body').
• Witness: Cancionero de obras de burlas (Valencia: Juan Viñao, 1519), fols E1r-G8r.
• Notes: Obscene parody of Mena's Laberinto de Fortuna, glossed by the author. Though Hernán Núñez's commentary (1499, 1505; see A23) provides the model, his learned glosses do not themselves seem the direct target of comic subversion.
• Editions: Cancionero de obras de burlas provocãtes a risa [Valencia, 1519], facsimile ed. Antonio Pérez Gómez (Valencia: Tipografía Moderna, 1951); Cancionero de obras de burlas provocantes a risa, ed. Pablo Jauralde Pou and Juan Alfredo Bellón Cazabán (Madrid: Akal, 1974), pp. 170-218; Cancionero de obras de burlas provocantes a risa, ed. Frank Domínguez, Albatros Hispanófila, 2 (Valencia: Albatros Hispanófila, 1978), pp. 139-84; Carajicomedia: texto facsimilar, ed. Carlos Varo, Colección Nova Scholar (Madrid: Playor, 1981); Carajicomedia, ed. Álvaro Alonso (Archidona: Aljibe, 1995).
• Bibliography: On ideological and political aspects, Barbara F. Weissberger, 'Male Sexual Anxieties in the Carajicomedia: A Response to Female Sovereignty', in Poetry at Court in Trastamaran Spain: From the 'Cancionero de Baena' to the 'Cancionero general', ed. E. Michael Gerli and Julian Weiss (Tempe, AZ: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1998), pp. 222-34; Linde M. Brocato, '«Tened por espejo su fin»: Mapping Gender and Sex in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Spain', in Queer Iberia: Sexualities, Cultures, and Crossings from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, ed. Josiah Blackmore and Gregory S. Hutcheson (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999), pp. 325-65; Frank Domínguez, 'Carajicomedia and Fernando el Católico's Body: The Identities of Diego Fajardo and María de Vellasco', BHS, 84 (2007), 725-44; idem, 'La parodia del traductor en Carajicomedia: Fray Bugeo Montesino y Fray Juan de Hempudia', in Traducción y humanismo: panorama de un desarrollo cultural, ed. Roxana Recio, Vertere: monográficos de la revista Hermeneus, 9 (Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, 2007), pp. 55-72; idem, 'Monkey Business in Carajicomedia: The Parody of Fray Ambrosio Montesino as «Fray Bugeo»', eHumanista, 7 (2007), 1-27.
• References: Dutton 19OB-60, ID8333 V 0092; BETA texid 4179; manid 4218 (poem not listed separately); Martín Abad 338; Norton 1261.

• Author: Anonymous.
• Date: c. 1500 (only witness 1510 ad quem).
• Witness: BNE, MS 12672, fols 191r-195r.
• Notes: The text of this brief but stylish consolatory epistle (fols 191r-192r) is followed by a set of glosses (fols 192v-195v) on words that are underlined in the text. Glosses explain inter alia philosophical categories (e. g. friendship) or allegorical meanings (e. g. 'valle' as sin). Text and gloss constitute a unified whole, an elegant example of self-commentary.
• Bibliography: Julian Weiss, 'La qüistión entre dos cavalleros: un tratado antimilitar del siglo XV (2)', RLM, 7 (1995), 187-207.
• References: BETA texid 3627; manid 2212; Diccionario filológico, pp. 936-37.

• Author: Fernando del Pulgar (1436?-93?).
• Date: Original poem, 1464; glosses, 1470-85 (Viña Liste 273).
• Dedicatee: Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Conde de Haro (c. 1430-92).
• Witnesses: Santander, Biblioteca de Menéndez Pelayo, MS M-108 (BETA manid 1422), late 15th-early 16th century; at least 28 printed editions between 1485 (85*MR) and 1598, in various formats, including pliegos sueltos. See Brodey, edition, pp. 8-11, and Diccionario filológico, pp. 522-26, 551-52, with important corrections and updates in Paolini, 'Fernando de Pulgar'. For the period covered by this checklist, the relevant extant printings are: Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1485 (manid 2092); Salamanca: Juan de Porras, c. 1498 (manid 2095); Salamanca: Printer of Nebrija's Gramática, c. 1500; Logroño: Arnao Guillén de Brocar, 1502-05 (04*MR manid 2093); Seville: Jacobo Cromberger, 1506 (06MR); Seville: Jacobo Cromberger, 1510 (10MR).
• Notes: In addition to Pulgar's there are two sets of anonymous 15th-century annotations (A4 and A5) and two 16th-century ones (anonymous and by Juan Martínez de Barros, 1564, both edited by Brodey). Pulgar elaborates a political allegory of the civil wars which preceded the peace and justice ushered in by Ferdinand and Isabella, and were caused by the common sins of the people and their political leaders. Numerous linguistic glosses; authorities cited and paraphrased, but not quoted.
• Editions: Fernando del Pulgar, Letras; Glosa a las coplas de Mingo Revulgo, ed. Jesús Domínguez Bordona, Clásicos castellanos, 99 (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1949). Glosa online (without critical apparatus) <http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/glosa-a-las-coplas-de-mingo-revulgo--0/html/>; Marcella Ciceri, 'Le Coplas de Mingo Revulgo', Cultura Neolatina, 37 (1977), 75-149, 189-266; Las coplas de Mingo Revulgo, ed. Vivana Brodey (Madison: HSMS, 1986); various facsimile editions, e. g. 1485 editio princeps, Coplas de Mingo Revulgo [1485], facsimile ed. Antonio Pérez Gómez, Incunables poéticos castellanos, 2 (Cieza: 'la fonte que mana y corre', 1953).
• Bibliography: On sources and manuscripts, see Devid Paolini, 'Fernando de Pulgar, Glosa a las Coplas de Mingo Revulgo (Addenda et Corrigenda)', RLM, 20 (2008), 247-54.
• References: Dutton ID2024; BETA texid 1716; Diccionario filológico, pp. 522-56; ISTC ip01130800; ip01130850; ip01130900; ip01131000; Martín Abad 504-06; Norton 377, 763, 787.

• Author: Anonymous (1).
• Date: XV2 (post 1464).
• Dedicatee: Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 2nd Marqués de Santillana and Conde del Real.
• Witnesses: BNE, MS Vitr. 26-13; Madrid, Real Academia Española, MS 155, unknown to Brodey, subsequently identified as the 'lost' manuscript transcribed by Gallardo: see Ángela Moll, 'Sobre un manuscrito «perdido» de las Coplas de Mingo Revulgo', BRAE, 70 (1990), 65-68. BETA lists the two extant manuscripts as separate works.
• Notes: Coplas and its Respuesta arranged in two columns, with glosses in outer margins or across page beneath stanzas (Brodey, edition, p. 75; one folio illustrated on p. 66). Glossator expounds literal meaning by paraphrase, linguistic glosses, etymologies, and explanation of the rustic dialect ('vocablos corronpidos'), then provides moral, philosophical, or doctrinal support, citing almost exclusively biblical authority, such as Solomon and the prophets, supplemented by occasional patristic and classical sources. Occasional biblical Latin. Avoids lengthy glosses: 'por no salir de la forma del declarar e glosar concluyente e porque de la breve oración o modo de declarar o glosar los modernos se gozan' (ed. Brodey, p. 231). These glosses are exploited by Pulgar and Martínez de Barros (Domínguez Bordona, edition, p. xii; Paolini, 'Fernando de Pulgar').
• Editions: Bartolomé José Gallardo, Ensayo de una biblioteca española de libros raros y curiosos, 4 vols (Madrid, 1863-80; repr. Madrid: Gredos, 1968), I, no. 758; Antonio Rodríguez-Moñino, Los pliegos poéticos de la colección del Marqués de Morbecq (siglo XVI) (Madrid: Estudios Bibliográficos, 1962), pp. 30-39; Las coplas de Mingo Revulgo, palaeographic and facsimile ed. Luis de la Cuadra Escrivá de Romaní (Madrid: Artes Gráficas Clavileño, 1963); Brodey, edition.
• Bibliography: On manuscripts, see Brodey, edition, pp. 67-78, updated by Moll, 'Sobre un manuscrito', and Marcella Ciceri, 'Un altro manoscritto delle Coplas de Mingo Revulgo', in Un lume nella notte: studi di iberistica che allievi ed amici dedicano a Giuseppe Bellini, ed. Silvana Serafin (Rome: Bulzoni, 1997), pp. 59-70.
• References: Dutton ID2024; BETA texid (poem) 1121; texid (gloss) 3470; manid 1240 (BNE); manid 3372 (RAE); Diccionario filológico, p. 525.

• Author: Anonymous (2): compiler of the Cancionero de Barrantes, copied by Pedro de Zúñiga. Further research required to determine whether compiler, scribe, and glossator are identical.
• Date: 1474-80 for the compilation, copied in Palencia, 20 March 1480 (according to colophon of one fragment, MM1). But one gloss on the Laberinto (A22) refers to 'don Ferrando, que agora Reyna', and 'el infante don Juan que estonce era Rey de Navarra e agora es Rey de Aragón' (fol. 51r). Ferdinand was King of Castile and Leon from 1474, and assumed the throne of Aragon on Juan's death in 1479: thus, at least part of Barrantes was completed before 1479.
• Witness: Madrid, Real Academia Española, MS RM-73 (olim Rodríguez-Moñino MS V-6-74), fols 8v-11v (original foliation cclxxxix-ccxci) (MR2-6). The Cancionero de Barrantes survives in four partial witnesses, MM1, MN55, MR2, and MR3. These can be matched thanks to the index of the compilation in ZZ3. See also A11, A18, A19, A20, A22, A29§3, A31, and A36.
• Notes: Twenty-six prose glosses on the Monacillo's Repuesta. Stanzas in three columns, with prose glosses arranged in columns or across page (example in Brodey, edition, p. ii). Some text lost through trimming. Expository gloss and paraphrase, etymologies, some historical detail, endorsing the political stance of the Repuesta, particularly in defence of the exploited peasantry.
• Edition: Brodey, Las coplas.
• Bibliography: Brian Dutton and Charles B. Faulhaber, 'The «Lost» Barrantes Cancionero of Fifteenth-Century Spanish Poetry', in 'Florilegium hispanicum': Medieval and Golden Age Studies Presented to Dorothy Clotelle Clarke, ed. J. S. Geary et al. (Madison: HSMS, 1983), pp. 179-202; Ángel Gómez Moreno and Carlos Alvar, 'Más noticias sobre el Cancionero de Barrantes', RFE, 66 (1986), 111-13; Ciceri, 'Un altro manoscritto'.
• References: Dutton ID4379 R 2024; BETA texid (poem) 1121; manid 1229; Diccionario filológico, p. 525.

• Author: Juan de Villafuerte (fl. XV2).
• Date: Latin original, 1456; translation, 1463.
• Witnesses: Esc. MS h.II.22 (manid 1548); Esc. MS X.II.23 (manid 2224); BNE, MS 815 (manid 2914); BNE, MS 9436 (incomplete glosses, manid 1658); Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, MS 9/5573 (manid 3367); Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/3009 (manid 1659).
• Notes: For ease of reference, Villafuerte restructures Cartagena's original, adds a table of contents, and equips it with a set of 'adiciones', some incorporated into the text, others in the margins. These provide extra historical information and sources, frequently adapting Latin glosses added to the Anacephaleosis between 1456 and 1463, possibly by Villafuerte himself. Historical glosses in both Latin and Castilian versions occasionally updated by later scribes. There is an early 16th-century epitome of the Castilian version (BETA texid 4231; BnF, MS fonds esp. 141).
• Bibliography: José Luis Rodríguez Montederramo, 'Las glosas latinas a la Anacephaleosis y las adiciones de Juan de Villafuerte', Reales Sitios, 129 (1996), 16-25; Elisa Ruiz García, 'Avatares codicológicos de la Genealogía de los Reyes de España', Historia, Instituciones, Documentos, 27 (2000), 295-32; María Morrás, 'Repertorio de obras, mss., y documentos de Alfonso de Cartagena', Boletín Bibliográfico de la Asociación Hispánica de Literatura Medieval, 5 (1991), 215-48 (pp. 232-33).
• References: BETA texid 2563.

• Author: Pedro de Escavias.
• Date: 1461-63 (Garcia, Repertorio, p. lxxxi).
• Witness: Harvard, Houghton f MS Span 97, Cancionero de Oñate-Castañeda, fols 436r-437v (HH1-97), c. 1485.
• Notes: Manuscript lacks final folios, only 9 stanzas extant. Each stanza is glossed to produce an encomiastic commentary on Miguel Lucas de Iranzo's heroic exploits on the Granadan frontier. Uhagón compares this laudatory poem and gloss with the incomplete chronicle of Miguel Lucas de Iranzo, whilst for Garcia, 'Las glosas del poema [...] constituyen un verdadero plagio de la Crónica', and possibly should be considered part of it (Repertorio, p. ci). Verse is centred, glosses surround text, in a clear attempt to facilitate connection between the two (Garcia, Repertorio, p. 421).
• Edition: Francisco R. de Uhagón, Un cancionero del siglo XV con varias poesías inéditas (Madrid: n. p., 1900); Michel Garcia, Repertorio de príncipes de España, y obra poética del Alcaide Pedro de Escavias (Jaén: Instituto de Estudios Giennenses del CSIC, Diputación Provincial de Jaén), pp. 409-15; El Cancionero de Oñate-Castañeda, ed. Dorothy Sherman Severin and Fiona Maguire (Madison: HSMS, 1990), pp. 395-97.
• References: Dutton ID2923 ('tiene muchas glosas en prosa', not reproduced); BETA texid (manuscript) 1096; manid 1218.

• Author: Juan Rodríguez del Padrón (de la Cámara, c. 1390-c. 1450).
• Date: 1425-50 (Viña Liste 179), though a quo too early if Guillén born 1413.
• Witness: Included in El bursario, Juan Rodríguez del Padrón's translation of Ovid's Heroides: BNE, MS 6052 (MN20), fol. 244r (the unique manuscript according to Saquero Suárez-Somonte and González Rolán; the translation of Ovid's Heroides in Seville, Biblioteca Colombina, MS 5-5-16 is apparently not by Rodríguez del Padrón). Cf. BETA, which lists three manuscripts: MN20, Seville, Biblioteca Colombina, MS 5-5-16, and Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/2790. The Diccionario filológico follows Saquero Suárez-Somonte and González Rolán.
• Notes: Single stanza inserted into Rodríguez del Padrón's version of Heroides, XIX (Hero to Leander) because 'viene bien appropósito'. Employs Aristotelian terminology of the accessus to explain the stanza's causa final as Guillén de Segovia's midnight vision of three estorias (Hero and Leander, Danaus and Aegisthus, Penelope and Ulysses) whose denouements also occurred at midnight. A literal or historical gloss is followed by 'la moralidat y aplicación por alegoría, y esto es la verdat y lo que aprovecha' (ed. Saquero Suárez-Somonte and González Rolán, p. 200); concludes: 'E asý pareçe estar bien declarada la escura copla, que por las epístolas prescriptas mejor la podés entender, aunque con mayor prolixidat e trabajo' (p. 202). The rubrics to the translated epistles are based on scholastic commentary (see Saquero Suárez-Somonte and González Rolán, edition, pp. 32-33).
• Editions: Obras de Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara (o del Padrón), ed. Antonio Paz y Melia, Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 22 (Madrid, 1884), pp. 285-88; Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, Bursario, ed. Pilar Saquero Suárez-Somonte and Tomás González Rolán (Madrid: Universidad Complutense, 1984), pp. 198-202.
• References: BETA texid 1738; manid 1425.

• Author: Anonymous, possibly scribe Gonzalo de Córdoba.
• Date: XV2.
• Witness: BNE, MS 3666, fols 22v-30r.
• Notes: One of three texts in this manuscript with brief explanatory glosses in the scribe's hand. The other two are Juan de Mena's translation of pseudo-Homer, Ilias latina, and the Castilian version of Alain Chartier's Quadrilogue invectif⁶. The existence of these glosses is not noted by modern editors of the Cuestión. Besides these three texts, the manuscript contains Lucian's Comparación entre Alexandre, Aníbal e Scipión and Leonardo Bruni's Contra los hipócritas; they lack annotation.
• References: BETA texid 1443; manid 1925.

• Author: Íñigo López de Mendoza, Marqués de Santillana.
• Date: 1437.
• Dedicatee: Prince Enrique (1425-74), but commissioned by Juan II.
• Witnesses: BETA lists 32 15th-century manuscripts: not all carry glosses and some are also accompanied by the commentary of Pero Díaz de Toledo (see A11); all early printings have Díaz de Toledo's commentary.
• Notes: Glosses principally on exemplary figures from Antiquity and the Bible, some highly narrative in style. In his preface, Santillana defends the specificity of his citations in a vernacular context, and discusses the borderline between plagiarism and documented sources in the context of literary auctoritas. José María Azáceta reports that the versions in BnF, MSS fonds esp. 37, 227, 230, and 313, and Esc. MS N.I.13 (PN1, PN5, PN8, PN12, and EM9), 'llevan las glosas marginalmente como el nuestro' (Cancionero de Juan Fernández de Ixar, 2 vols (Madrid: CSIC, 1956), II, 432, note).
• Editions: Proverbios de gloriosa doctrina e fructuosa enseñança, según el códice N. J. 13 de El Escorial, ed. José Rogerio Sánchez (Madrid: Victoriano Suárez, 1928); Íñigo López de Mendoza, Marqués de Santillana, Obras completas, ed. Ángel Gómez Moreno and Maximilian P. A. M. Kerkhof (Barcelona: Planeta, 1988), pp. 216-67, based on Salamanca, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 2655 (SA8). Each gloss is headed by 'Glosa del marqués' to distinguish it from Díaz de Toledo's commentary, which is not reproduced. The glosses are also included in editions of the following cancioneros: MN6, Cancionero de Ixar, ed. Azáceta; SV2, Dorothy Sherman Severin, with Fiona Maguire, Two Spanish Songbooks: The 'Cancionero Capitular de la Colombina' (SV2) and the 'Cancionero de Egerton' (LB3), Hispanic Studies TRAC Series, 11 (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press and Institución Colombina, 2000); and SA8, Cancionero del Marqués de Santillana (BUS, Ms. 2655), ed. Pedro M. Cátedra and Javier Coca Senande, 2 vols including facsimile (Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca; Iberduero, 1990).
• Bibliography: On auctoritas, Weiss, The Poet's Art, pp. 134-36; on the glosses' narrative style, Julian Weiss, 'Las «fermosas e peregrinas ystorias»: sobre la glosa ornamental cuatrocentista', RLM, 2 (1990), 103-12; on influence, objectives, and sources, Rafael Lapesa, 'Los Proverbios de Santillana: contribución al estudio de sus fuentes', in De la Edad Media a nuestros días: estudios de historia literaria (Madrid: Gredos, 1967), pp. 95-111; Nicholas G. Round, 'Exemplary Ethics: Towards a Reassessment of Santillana's Proverbios', in Belfast Spanish and Portuguese Papers, ed. P. S. N. Russell-Gebbett et al. (Belfast: The Queen's University, 1979), pp. 217-36; Rafael Beltrán, 'Lectura y adaptación de las glosas del Marqués de Santillana a sus Proverbios en la Suma de virtuoso deseo', in Proceedings of the Eighth Colloquium, ed. Andrew M. Beresford and Alan Deyermond, PMHRS, 5 (London: Department of Hispanic Studies, Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1997), pp. 49-60; Barry Taylor, 'The Success of Santillana's Proverbios' in Late Medieval Spanish Studies in Honour of Dorothy Sherman Severin, ed. Joseph T. Snow and Roger Wright (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2009), pp. 37-45.
• References: Dutton ID0050; BETA texid 1595; see next entry for printed editions.

• Author: Pero Díaz de Toledo (c. 1418-66).
• Date: 1445 (Viña Liste 353).
• Dedicatee: Juan II (1405-54).
• Witnesses: BETA lists eight manuscripts from the 15th and early 16th centuries, and six incunables (see also ISTC), all of which pair the work with Diego de Valera's De providencia contra fortuna: Zaragoza: Juan (or Pablo?) Hurus, 1488-90 (90*SP manid 1727); Seville: Ungut and Polono, 1494 (94SP manid 1728); Seville: Tres Compañeros Alemanes, 1499 (99SP manid 1726); Salamanca: Printer of Nebrija's Gramática, c. 1500 (manid 1922); Seville: Polono, 1500 (manid 1921); Toledo: Pedro Hagembach, 1500 (manid 1729). See A41.
• Notes: Díaz de Toledo's is a more learned doctrinal gloss, similar in objectives and style to his later commentary on Gómez Manrique's Exclamación y querella de la governación (A15), bolstering Santillana's status as vernacular auctor. Designed to supplement, not replace, Santillana's own glosses, though scribes adopt different approaches to problems of combining both, with parallel or sequential layout. Occasional use of rubric 'el marqués' to identify Santillana's gloss, e. g. in MRE1, SA8, SV2. Further study is required on manuscript and printed layout, as well as textual issues: e. g. MRE1 shows signs of adaptation; what is the version included in the Cancionero de Barrantes (MN55 = BNE, MS 22335; manid 3591)? See A5. Madrid, Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, MS 657 (ML3) includes only Díaz de Toledo's introduction, not his glosses. For a late 15th-century Catalan commentary, see Roxana Recio, 'La interrelación intelectual peninsular en el siglo XV: Santillana y Ferrer de Blanes', Anuario Medieval 6 (1994), 159-73. Luis de Aranda circulated his own poetic gloss in 1564 (BNE, MS 10177).
• Editions: Proverbios utilísimos del ilustre caballero D. Íñigo López de Mendoza, marqués de Santillana, glossados [...] Trasladados del castellano gótico al corriente, ed. Francisco Xavier de Villanueva (Madrid: Imprenta Real, 1787); Proverbios del Marqués de Santillana glosados por Pedro Díaz de Toledo, ed. Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, Colección Cisneros, 66 (Madrid: Atlas, 1944); Los proverbios con su glosa [Seville, 1494], facsimile ed. Antonio Pérez Gómez, Incunables poéticos castellanos, 11 (Cieza: 'la fonte que mana y corre', 1965); Severin, Two Spanish Songbooks, pp. 44-125. Extracts from glosses by Santillana and Díaz de Toledo in Marqués de Santillana, Poesías completas, ed. Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego, 2 vols (Madrid: Alhambra, 1983-1991), II, 99-157, notes. For the Elizabethan translation, see The Prouerbes of [...] Sir James Lopez de Mendoza [...] with the Paraphrase of Peter Diaz of Toledo [...] Translated out of Spanishe by B[arnabe] Googe (London: Richarde Watkins, 1579).
• Bibliography: Nicholas G. Round, 'Pero Díaz de Toledo: A Study of the Fifteenth-Century Converso Translator in his Background' (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Oxford, 1966), pp. 632-40; Weiss, The Poet's Art, p. 129; further background in José Luis Herrero Prado, 'Pero Díaz de Toledo, señor de Olmedilla', RLM, 10 (1998), 101-15. Codicological studies: of MN55, Maxim. P. A. M. Kerkhof, 'El manuscrito 22.335 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid: otro fragmento del «perdido» Cancionero de Barrantes', Neophilologus, 71 (1987), 536-42; Moreno, 'Descripción codicológica MN55', pp. 5-8 on layout of text/gloss; of MRE1, Conde, La creación, pp. 167-99; Moreno, 'Descripción codicológica MRE1'; and of SV2, Severin, Two Spanish Songbooks, p. 8. For a synopsis of manuscript and printed reception, see Taylor, 'The Success of Santillana's Proverbios', pp. 37-38.
• References: Dutton ID3411 P 0050; BETA texid 1466; MRE1 (Madrid, Real Academia Española, MS 210; manid 3747); SA8 (Salamanca, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 2655; manid 1916); SV2 (Seville, Biblioteca Colombina, MS 83-6-10; manid 4695); ISTC il00282000, il00283000, il00283500, il00283800, il00284000, il00285000; Martín Abad 949-54; Norton 781, 819, 889, 916, 1067, 1126.

• Author: Anonymous, possibly by the scribe Martín de Larraya, who copies most of the manuscript (Zarco Cuevas, II, 294).
• Date: c. 1500 (hand XVex-XVIin) (Zarco Cuevas, II, 294).
• Witness: Esc. MS N.I.13, fols 123, 171-81 (EM9b-13).
• Notes: Abundant and often scarcely legible marginal notes that are not by Santillana or Díaz de Toledo. Rogerio Sánchez suspects that they are the random interventions of a copyist or reader (edition, pp. 31, 89). Instead of transcribing them, he reproduces Amador de los Ríos's text of Santillana's glosses, occasionally noting where they differ from the glosses found in the Escorial manuscript. There is a poor reproduction of stanzas 13-16 between pp. 42 and 43. Although it is impossible to say with absolute certainty whether these glosses reproduce any of Díaz de Toledo's exposition (Santillana did not gloss these stanzas), they appear to be independent. Rogerio Sánchez transcribes one short note: 'El sueyno que acelerado, es a saber la humana vida, que es comparada al sueyno'.
• Bibliography: Rogerio Sánchez, edition (cited above, A10).
• References: BETA texid (poem) 1595; manid 4828; Zarco Cuevas, II, 294-316 (pp. 301-02).

• Author: Anonymous.
• Date: Text, 1464; glosses, 1486 ad quem (Binotti).
• Dedicatee: Text, Enrique IV.
• Witness: BNE, MS 6728: signed and dated by Lucena, 1464.
• Notes: Of the three extant copies of this treatise, the glosses are unique to this manuscript, which contains Lucena's dedication to the monarch, in his own hand. The remainder of the manuscript is probably not autograph. According to Lucia Binotti, the anonymous marginal gloss 'se desarrolla en formato insólito, en el que la voz en primera persona del comentarista mezcla a la pura aclaración textual observaciones autobiográficas, juicios personales sobre los eventos políticos de la época, retratos de los dialogantes, e incluso chistes' (p. 187). Annotation shows little interest in auctoritates or classical references; the focus on historical, political, or social issues marks a new trend in the commentary tradition.
• Editions: Opúsculos literarios de los siglos XIV a XVI, ed. Antonio Paz y Melia (Madrid: Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 1892), pp. 103-205; despite claims of fidelity to manuscripts, Giovanni Maria Bertini does not print the glosses in Testi spagnoli del secolo XV (Turin: Gheroni, 1950), pp. 97-182.
• Bibliography: The glosses are mentioned in various early studies, but for full review and important analysis see Lucia Binotti, 'Acerca de las glosas al Diálogo de vita beata', La Corónica, 29.2 (Spring 2001), 185-200.
• References: BETA texid 1601; manid 1930; Diccionario filológico, p. 667.

• Author: Juan de Luzón.
• Date: 1506 ante quem (colophon: 'Acabada fue toda la presente obra el postrero dia del mes de julio de mil quinientos y seys años en la ciudad de Burgos').
• Dedicatee: Juana de Aragón, Duquesa de Frías, Condesa de Haro.
• Witness: Zaragoza: Jorge Coci, 1508 (08JL).
• Notes: According to F. J. Norton, this edition contains possibly the earliest example in Spain of a paste-on cancel: the original title 'Cancionero' is covered by a slip with the unambiguously doctrinal title, Suma de las virtudes (Printing in Spain, 1501-1520 (Cambridge: CUP, 1966), p. 74). The rubric is even more explicit about the content of the copiously annotated verse: 'Epilogación de la moral philosophía: sobre las virtudes cardinales contra los vicios y pecados mortales, provada con razones y actoridades divinas y humanas y con exemplos antigos y presentes, glosada en lo necessario, aprouada por muchos theólogos, con las contemplaciones de san Bernardo sobre la passión: el Salmo «Miserere de profundis o gloriosa domina»'. A moral treatise in five parts (397 stanzas of arte mayor) and miscellaneous religious poems (225 stanzas of arte menor). Extensive learned glosses (citing copious authorities, allegories, etymologies, etc.); each glossed phrase is identified alphabetically, and repeated at head of gloss. Stanzas centred in the opening, surrounded by glosses. The author possibly uses Hernán Núñez's Mena commentary as a source: some authorities coincide in content and sequence (Coci also printed Núñez's commentary in 1506: see A23). Biblical sources identified via separate marginal glosses.
• Edition: Juan de Luzón, Cancionero [Burgos, 1506], facsimile ed. A. Rodríguez-Moñino (Madrid: Julián Barbazán, 1959).
• References: Dutton 08JL; BETA texid 4173; manid 4212; Martín Abad 975; Norton 624.

• Author: Pero Díaz de Toledo (c. 1410-66).
• Date: 1462-64 (Moreno, 'Descripción codicológica MN24', p. 10); 1446-c. 1470 (BETA and Viña Liste 254).
• Dedicatee: Alfonso Carrillo, Archbishop of Toledo (1410-82).
• Witnesses: BNE, MS 7817, fols 190r-217v (MN24-131); BNE, MS 18033, fols 5r-7v (MN43-2), 18th-century copy, prologue only; Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS 1250, pp. 491-533 (MP3-136).
• Editions: Gómez Manrique, Cancionero, ed. Antonio Paz y Melia, Colección de escritores castellanos, 36, 39 (Madrid: Pérez Dubrull, 1885; repr. Palencia: Diputación, 1991), II, 230-78; Foulché-Delbosc, II, 130-47; Gómez Manrique, Cancionero, ed. Francisco Vidal González (Madrid: Cátedra, 2003), pp. 577-619.
• Notes: Extensive commentary on the first nine of the eighteen stanzas of this polemical political poem (for other responses in verse see Vidal González, edition, p. 571, n. 1), written in defence of the poem's doctrinal legitimacy. Principal authorities include the Bible, St Jerome, and St Augustine's City of God, and show 'quán enseñadamente escrivió e que su dezir non discrepa de los santos e profetas que semejante querella quisyeron fazer a Dios' (Vidal González, p. 578). Díaz de Toledo also draws on other classical sources commonly found in contemporary vernacular writing (Aristotle, Sallust, Orosius, Vegetius, Boethius, et al.), as well as his own glosses on Santillana's Proverbios (A11) and his Diálogo sobre la muerte del marqués de Santillana. The prologue provides biblical authority for the use of verse, and presents Gómez Manrique as a worthy successor to Fernán Pérez de Guzmán and Santillana.
• Bibliography: On the disposition of the glosses: Moreno, 'Descripción codicológica MN24', p. 14; on objectives and historical context: Weiss, The Poet's Art, pp. 129-30; Nancy F. Marino, 'La relación entre historia y poesía: el caso de la Exclamaçión e querella de la gouernación de Gómez Manrique', in Propuestas teórico-metodológicas para el estudio de la literatura hispánica medieval, ed. Lillian von der Walde Moheno (Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 2003), pp. 211-25 (pp. 223-24); Nicholas G. Round, 'Gómez Manrique's Exclamación e querella de la governación: Poem and Commentary', in Medieval Hispanic Studies in Memory of Alan Deyermond, ed. Andrew M. Beresford, Louise M. Haywood, and Julian Weiss (Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2013), pp. 149-74.
• References: Dutton ID3399 P 0096; BETA texid 2228; MN24 manid 1954; MN43 manid 2690; MP3 manid 1955.

• Author: Gómez Manrique.
• Date: 1456-57 (Vidal González, edition, p. 419); 1457-58, during the decade of the 'máxima floración' of the Castilian consolatory genre (Cátedra, 'Prospección', p. 82).
• Dedicatee: Doña Juana Manrique, Condesa de Castro, the poet's sister.
• Witnesses: BNE, MS 7817, fols 43r-45v (MN24-60), acephalous; BNE, MS 18033, fols 19r-35r (MN43-6), 18th-century copy; Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS 1250, pp. 140-75 (MP3-75).
• Notes: Over two-thirds of the thirty stanzas are glossed. In MN24, the glosses surround the text. The principal aim is to summarize the exemplary lives of the classical and contemporary figures mentioned in the poem, especially for the benefit of female readers: 'Como quiera que para el más rudo de los que algo an leýdo el testo tanto sea claro que ninguna conozco declaración serle necesaria, pero porque a las senblantes a vós algunas ystorias varoniles que aquí toco son inotas [...] acordé de eñadir algunas glosas' (Vidal González, edition, pp. 421-22). Occasional clarification of doctrinal and philosophical aspects (e. g. the nature of Fortune); cited authorities include the Bible, Terence, Sallust, Livy, Statius, and Santillana's Proverbios. In the margins of MP3 and MN43 there are six Latin tags from the Bible (two of them explaining the poet's similes); in MN24 they are appended to the glosses.
• Editions: Paz y Melia, edition, II, 209-41; Foulché-Delbosc, II, 56-66; Vidal González, edition, pp. 419-48.
• Bibliography: Layout of text/gloss in MN24: Moreno, 'Descripción codicológica MN24', pp. 14, 16; content and genre: Rafael Lapesa, 'Poesía docta y afectividad en las «consolatorias» de Gómez Manrique', in Estudios sobre literatura y arte dedicados al profesor Emilio Orozco Díaz, ed. Antonio Gallego Morell, Andrés Soria, and Nicolás Marín (Granada: Universidad de Granada, 1979), II, 231-39; Kenneth R. Scholberg, Introducción a la poesía de Gómez Manrique (Madison: HSMS), pp. 23-24; Pedro M. Cátedra, 'Prospección sobre el género consolatorio en el siglo XV', in Letters and Society in Fifteenth-Century Spain: Studies Presented to P. E. Russell on his Eightieth Birthday, ed. Alan Deyermond and Jeremy Lawrance (Llangrannog: Dolphin, 1993), pp. 1-16; Cátedra, 'Creación y lectura sobre el género consolatorio en el siglo XV', in Studies on Medieval Spanish Literature in Honor of Charles F. Fraker, ed. Mercedes Vaquero and Alan Deyermond (Madison: HSMS, 1995), pp. 35-62.
• References: Dutton ID3367: neither dedicatee nor date given; see A16 for manid.

• Author: Anonymous, possibly Pero Díaz de Toledo (c. 1418-66).
• Date: XV2: the only witness, BNE, MS 7817 (MN24), was compiled perhaps towards the end of Gómez Manrique's life. If the author is Pero Díaz de Toledo the terminus ante quem is his death in 1466.
• Witness: BNE, MS 7817, fols 159r-160r (MN24-11), 'en los márgenes de la mano que copia el manuscrito' (Moreno, 'Descripción codicológica MN24', p. 16). Not included in the other, fragmentary, witness to the poem, Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS 1250, fol. 267v (MP3-137), because of loss of leaves at end of manuscript.
• Notes: Learned glosses on each of the seven stanzas, expounding and endorsing the poem's theological foundations (principally the Incarnation and the Immaculate Conception). Manrique writes not only as 'devotísimo de Nuestra Señora' but also as 'varón docto'. Authorities include the Decretals, Peter Lombard, the Bible, quoted (in the vernacular) or cited by chapter. Attribution to Díaz de Toledo is suggested by Paz y Melia, and endorsed by Vidal González.
• Editions: Paz y Melia, edition, II, 279-86; Foulché-Delbosc, II, 147-49; Vidal González, edition, pp. 287-93.
• References: Dutton ID3400; BETA texid (manuscript) 1619.

• Author: Anonymous: compiler of the Cancionero de Barrantes, copied by Pedro de Zúñiga.
• Date: 1474-80: see A5.
• Witness: Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS 20/5/6, fols 68v-72v (MM1-4), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
• Notes: Identical in style and scope to glosses on other longer poems included in this compilation, particularly Mena's Laberinto, which it immediately follows.
• Bibliography: Manuscript description in Dutton and Faulhaber, 'The «Lost» Barrantes Cancionero', Conde, La creación, pp. 154-55.
• References: Dutton ID0100; BETA texid 1645; manid (gloss) 1992.

• Author: Juan de Mena.
• Date: 1438.
• Dedicatee: Íñigo López de Mendoza, Marqués de Santillana (1398-1458).
• Witnesses: Kerkhof lists seven 15th-century manuscripts and five printed editions between Toulouse, 1489? and Toledo, 1504; in combination with the Laberinto and other works, another twenty up to Alcalá, 1566 (edition, pp. ix-x, xxxix-xl). Between them BETA and Dutton list nineteen manuscripts and printed editions up to Toledo, 1504 (without specifying which contain commentary). Dutton and Faulhaber record 'extensive glosses' on the acephalous copy in Madrid, Real Academia Española, MS RM-73 (olim Rodríguez-Moñino MS V-6-74), fols 1r-22r (MR3-1), which is one fragment of the Cancionero de Barrantes ('The «Lost» Barrantes Cancionero', p. 189): see A5. Since this compiler added unique glosses to other poems, the relationship between these and Mena's self-exegesis remains to be ascertained.
• Notes: Mena's four prefaces draw on Benvenuto da Imola's Dante commentary. Copious glosses explicate myth according to ficción poética (or metaphorical meaning), estoria o verdat (historical or euhemeristic truth), and aplicación e moralitat (moral significance). Substantial notes on scientific topics (e. g. vision and internal senses) and aspects of poetic form and structure. Numerous classical, patristic, and scholastic authorities. Prose style adapted to topic: mythological narratives (from Ovid, via Alfonso X?) are often highly ornate. El Brocense compiled his 1582 annotations on highly selective extracts from Mena's commentary.
• Editions: Extracts: 'La coronación' de Juan de Mena: edición, estudio, comentario, ed. Feliciano Delgado León (Córdoba: Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba, 1978); Juan de Mena, 'Laberinto de Fortuna' y otros poemas, ed. Carla De Nigris (Barcelona: Crítica, 1994), pp. 53-64. Complete: Juan de Mena, Obras completas, ed. Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego (Barcelona: Planeta, 1989), pp. 105-208 (based on MH1); Juan de Mena, Obra completa, ed. Ángel Gómez Moreno and Teresa Jiménez Calvente (Madrid: Turner, 1994), pp. 177-220 (poem and El Brocense's annotations, based on 1582 edition), and pp. 405-544 (Mena's commentary, eclectic edition); 'La coronación' de Juan de Mena, ed. María Antonia Corral Checa (Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 1994); La coronación, ed. Maxim. P. A. M. Kerkhof, Anejos de la RFE, 102 (Madrid: CSIC, 2009) (critical edition based on ML2; includes selected illustrations of manuscript layout, pp. liii-lix). Facsimiles: La coronación [Toulouse, 1489?], Incunables poéticos castellanos, 10 (Valencia: Artes Gráficas Soler, 1964); facsimile of unidentified incunable (Seville, 1499?) in Corral Checa, edition.
• Bibliography: General studies: Inez Macdonald, 'The Coronación of Juan de Mena: Poem and Commentary', HR, 7 (1939), 125-44; Julian Weiss, 'Juan de Mena's Coronación: Satire or Sátira?', JHP, 6 (1981-82), 113-38; Fernando Gómez Redondo, Artes poéticas medievales (Madrid: Laberinto, 2000), pp. 199-203; on mythographic sources and style: María Rosa Lida de Malkiel, Juan de Mena: poeta del prerrenacimiento español. 2nd edn (Mexico City: El Colegio de México, 1984), pp. 128-30; José Antonio Pascual, 'Los doce trabajos de Hércules fuente de algunas glosas a la Coronación de Juan de Mena', Filología Moderna, 46-47 (1972-73), 89-103; Margaret A. Parker, 'Juan de Mena's Ovidian Material: An Alfonsine Influence?', BHS, 55 (1978), 5-17; R. G. Keightley, 'Boethius, Villena and Juan de Mena', BHS, 55 (1978), 189-202; Kerkhof, edition, pp. xvi-xvii and xxix-xxxviii; on exegetical methods: Weiss, The Poet's Art, pp. 126-27, 137-42, 151-57; on El Brocense's debt to Mena's commentary: Gómez Moreno and Jiménez Calvente, edition, p. xl.
• References: Dutton ID0156; BETA texid 1646; ISTC im00482000; im00482500; im00483000; im00483500; Martín Abad 1034-36; Norton 927, 815, 1038.

• Author: Anonymous (and/or authorial?).
• Date: 1444 a quo.
• Dedicatee: Juan II (if glosses are authorial) (1405-54).
• Witnesses: Barcelona, Biblioteca de Catalunya, MS 1967, fols 1-51 (BC3-1); Madrid, Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, MS 208, fols 107v-152v (ML2-2); Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS 20/5/6, fols 39r-68v (MM1-3), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes (see A5); New York, Hispanic Society of America, MS HC397/703, fols 1-42v (NH5-1); BnF, MS fonds esp. 229, fols 2r-76v (PN7-1); Seville, Biblioteca Colombina, MS 83-6-10, fols 118r-161v (SV2-59), incomplete at end.
• Notes: Brief glosses explaining historical and mythological references, obscure technical terms and Latinisms. Scribal glosses, added possibly under Mena's supervision (see Street). Impossible to ascertain how many were composed by Mena; two in the first person (PN7 and ML2), two in the third person (SV2 and BC3), and one note similar to a passage in his Tratado de amor. Slight variations in number of glosses between the manuscript witnesses. BC3 has additional marginal annotation, with quotations or citations from classical, patristic, and humanist authorities. In PN7 and MM1 they are surrounded by, and occasionally grafted on to, longer commentaries (A21 and A22).
• Editions: Complete: Severin, Tm Spanish Songbooks, pp. 218-62 (SV2 version); partial: Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Crestomatía del español medieval, con la colaboración del Centro de Estudios Históricos; acabada y revisada por Rafael Lapesa y María Soledad de Andrés, 2 vols (Madrid: Gredos, 1965-66), II, 629-32 (PN7); extracts quoted in e. g. Juan de Mena, Laberinto de Fortuna, ed. John G. Cummins (Madrid: Cátedra, 1979); ed. Maxim. P. A. M. Kerkhof, editio maior, Nueva biblioteca de erudición y crítica, 9 (Madrid: Castalia, 1995); Kerkhof, editio minor (Madrid: Castalia, 1997).
• Bibliography: Description of PN7 glosses by Florence Street, 'The Text of Mena's Laberinto in the Cancionero de Ixar and its Relationship to Some Other Fifteenth-Century MSS', BHS, 35 (1958), 63-71; but corrected by Maxim. P. A. M. Kerkhof, 'Hacia una nueva edición crítica del Laberinto de Fortuna de Juan de Mena', JHP, 7 (1982-83), 179-89. Other glossed manuscripts are described by Kerkhof in preface to editio maior, pp. 34-35, 41-42, 46-50, 58-59; his account of PN7 is reproduced in his editio minor, pp. 42-47, and 'Sobre los comentarios y correcciones al Laberinto de Fortuna anteriores a los de Hernán Núñez (Sevilla, 1499)', in Studia hispanica medievalia, III: actas de las IV Jornadas Internacionales de Literatura Española Medieval (agosto 19-20, 1993, Buenos Aires, Argentina), ed. Rosa E. Penna and María A. Rosarossa (Buenos Aires: Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 1995), pp. 90-99; synopsis of glosses in Weiss, The Poet's Art, pp. 122-23.
• References: Dutton ID0092; BETA texid (Laberinto) 1647: BC3 manid 1912; ML2 manid 1986; MM1 manid 1992; NH5 manid 2700, Faulhaber 645; PN7 manid 1209; SV2 manid 4695.

• Author: Anonymous, 'comentarista A', Italian (?) humanist, XV2.
• Date: 1454-56 a quo (on basis of citation from Strabo, translated into Latin by Guarino da Verona; editio princeps Rome, 1469, so the terminus a quo could be later).
• Witness: BnF, MS fonds esp. 229, fols 2r-76v (PN7-1).
• Notes: Manuscript copied in Aragon or the Aragonese court in Naples after c. 1450. A humanist commentator, clearly writing for a Neapolitan audience (on linguistic and other cultural evidence), added numerous glosses to stanzas 2-275. He explains mythological references and authorities, and anticipates Hernán Núñez's interest in sources and imitatio (especially of Lucan), as well as textual criticism. He writes around another set of glosses, which had been copied out by one of the original scribes, and which are identical to those found in a cluster of other manuscripts (see A20), occasionally grafting his own comments upon them. Known as 'comentarista A', he is distinguished from the later 'comentarista B', who inserted a few glosses on stanzas 289, 295, and 296, copied from Hernán Núñez's commentary of 1499.
• Edition: Extracts published in notes to the editions of Cummins and Kerkhof, and Juan de Mena, 'Laberinto de Fortuna' y otros poemas, ed. De Nigris. For images of PN7 see Kerkhof, editio maior, pp. 47, 49, 55.
• Bibliography: Street and Kerkhof (see A20), and Maxim. P. A. M. Kerkhof, 'El Ms. 229 (PN7) de la Bibliothèque Nationale de París, base de las ediciones modernas del Laberinto de Fortuna de Juan de Mena', Medievalia, 14 (August 1993), 1-12; Weiss, The Poet's Art, pp. 126, 127, 131, 132.
• References: Dutton ID0092; BETA texid (Laberinto) 1647; PN7 manid 1209.

• Author: Anonymous: compiler of the Cancionero de Barrantes, copied by Pedro de Zúñiga.
• Date: 1474-80: see A5.
• Witness: Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS 20/5/6, fols 39r-68v (MM1-3), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
• Notes: In Castilian, with extensive Latin quotations from sources and authorities supposedly used by Mena (notably from Isidore's Etymologiae and Anselm's Imago mundi). Interspersed throughout the commentary are most of the brief Castilian glosses present in A20, occasionally adapted by the commentator. For Kerkhof, the glosses are 'por lo general eruditas, pero de poca monta, en el sentido de que no contribuyen a la mejor comprensión del poema', although the commentator allegedly anticipated Núñez's identification of Anselm as principal source (editio maior, p. 42). However, pace Kerkhof, the commentator does not identify Anselm as a source in the strict sense, but as a cosmographical authority, and he fails to distinguish (as Núñez would) between doctrinal authority, source, and literary imitation. Part of the glossator's accessus is reproduced in Kerkhof, editio maior, p. 361.
• Bibliography: Weiss, The Poet's Art, pp. 126, 131, 152; Kerkhof, 'Sobre los comentarios' and his editio maior, p. 42; the manuscript is described by Conde, La creación, pp. 154-55 and n. 100.
• References: Dutton ID0092; BETA texid (Laberinto) 1647; manid 1992.

• Author: Hernán Núñez de Toledo, El Comendador Griego (1475-1553).
• Date: 1499; revised 1505.
• Dedicatee: Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marqués de Mondéjar, 2nd Conde de Tendilla (1440-1515).
• Witnesses: Seville: Tres Compañeros Alemanes, 1499 (99ML); substantially revised 2nd edition, Granada: Juan Varela, 1505; with thirteen editions up to Alcalá, 1566.
• Notes: Designed to establish Mena's status as a vernacular auctor and the young Núñez's intellectual credentials. Supplies auctoritates (with copious quotations) for cosmography, myth, history, natural and moral philosophy. Identifies Mena's imitation of the classics and his intellectual sources (e. g. Anselm and Isidore, whose errors are corrected by reference to new humanist authorities, notably Greek). Occasional rhetorical and numerous linguistic notes (especially etymologies). Substantial and influential textual criticism. The revised edition suppresses the Latin quotations, the autobiographical preface, and the rudimentary accessus. Some textual changes in Zaragoza: Coci, 1506, which are probably not authorial; Steelsio's edition (Antwerp, 1552) is much abbreviated. Plundered (often without acknowledgment) by El Brocense, whose 1582 annotations aimed to provide a more accessible explanatory apparatus.
• Edition: Comentario a las 'Trescientas' de Hernán Núñez de Toledo, el Comendador Griego (1499, 1505), ed. Julian Weiss and Antonio Cortijo Ocaña, online preliminary edition, eHumanista: <http://www.ehumanista.ucsb.edu/projects/Weiss%20Cortijo/index.shtml>; critical edition in press. Extracts published by nearly all modern editors since Juan de Mena, Laberinto de Fortuna, ed. José Manuel Blecua (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1943).
• Bibliography: General overviews: Karl Kohut, 'Der Kommentar zu literarischen Texten als Quelle der Literaturtheorie im spanischen Humanismus: die Kommentare zu Juan de Mena und Garcilaso de la Vega', in Der Kommentar in der Renaissance, ed. August Buck and Otto Harding (Boppard: Boldt, 1975), pp. 191-208 (pp. 193-99); María Dolores de Asís, Hernán Núñez en la historia de los estudios clásicos (Madrid: Sáez, 1977), pp. 97-121; Teresa Jiménez Calvente, 'Los comentarios a las Trescientas de Juan de Mena', RFE, 82 (2002), 21-44; Julian Weiss, 'Literary Theory and Polemic in Castile, c. 1200-1500', in The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism, II, The Middle Ages, ed. Alastair Minnis and Ian Johnson (Cambridge: CUP, 1995), pp. 496-532, 789-94 (pp. 529-32). On Núñez's textual criticism (with occasional references to commentary): Street, 'The Text of Mena's Laberinto' and 'Hernán Núñez and the Earliest Published Editions of Mena's Laberinto de Fortuna', MLR, 61 (1966), 51-63; Marcel Bataillon, 'La edición princeps del Laberinto de Juan de Mena', in Estudios dedicados a Menéndez Pidal, 7 vols in 8 (Madrid: CSIC, Patronato Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, 1950-62), II, 325-34; repr. in his Varia lección de clásicos españoles (Madrid: Gredos, 1964), pp. 9-20; Kerkhof, 'Hacia una nueva edición crítica' and 'Sobre las ediciones del Laberinto de Fortuna publicadas de 1481 a 1943, y la tradición manuscrita', in Forum litterarum: Miscelânea de Estudos Literários, Linguísticos e Históricos Oferecida a J. J. Van den Besselaar, ed. Hans Bot and Maxim. Kerkhof (Amsterdam: APA, 1984), pp. 269-82; and 'El Laberinto de Fortuna de Juan de Mena: las ediciones en relación con la tradición manuscrita', in Homenaje al profesor Antonio Vilanova, 2 vols (Barcelona: PPU, 1989), I, 321-39. Other aspects: Julian Weiss, 'Political Commentary: Hernán Núñez's Glosa a «Las trescientas»', in Letters and Society in Fifteenth-Century Spain: Studies Presented to P. E. Russell on his Eightieth Birthday, ed. Alan Deyermond and Jeremy Lawrance (Llangrannog: Dolphin, 1993), pp. 205-16; Antonio Cortijo and Julian Weiss, 'El sermón De la Sagrada Escritura de (pseudo) San Agustín y la versión romance de Hernán Núñez: notas sobre el humanismo cristiano del primer renacimiento', La Corónica, 37.1 (Fall 2008), 145-74.
• References: Dutton ID0092; BETA texid (Laberinto) 1647; manid 1996; ISTC im00486000; Martín Abad 1038-43; Norton 350, 616, 631, 672, 821, 904.

• Author: Anonymous.
• Date: 1509 ad quem.
• Witness: Zaragoza: Coci, 1509, and later editions.
• Notes: Juan II allegedly commissioned Mena to expand the poem from 300 to 365 stanzas; only 24 extra stanzas were written. The learned commentary bears some similarities to Núñez's but is expressly not by him. Generally briefer glosses, supplying learned authorities (some Greek), etymologies, and moral amplification.
• References: Dutton ID4672 A 0092; Martín Abad 1042-43; Norton 631, 672, 821, 904.

• Author: Alfonso Ortiz, canon of Toledo.
• Date: 1492-93.
• Dedicatees: Ferdinand of Aragon (1452-1516) and Isabella of Castile (1451-1504), the Catholic Monarchs.
• Witness: Salamanca, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 367, fols 33r-37r. The treatise was also included among the Cinco tratados del doctor Alonso Ortiz (Seville: Pegnitzer, Herbst, and Glockner, 1493), fols 40ra-48va.
• Notes: The Oratio, in both Latin and Castilian, follows the Tratado del fallecimiento del príncipe don Juan; 'con notas autógrafas' (BETA); I have not been able to ascertain the nature of these notes.
• Bibliography: For a description of the manuscript, see Florencio Marcos Rodríguez, Los manuscritos pretridentinos hispanos de ciencias sagradas en la Biblioteca Universitaria de Salamanca (Salamanca: Instituto de Historia de la Teología Española, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 1971), p. 333.
• References: BETA texid 1682; manid 2517.

• Author: Anonymous.
• Date: 1520 ad quem.
• Witness: Included at end of La institución de la muy estrecha y no menos observante orden de Cartuxa, y de la vida del excelente doctor sant Bruno, primero cartuxano; buelta de latín en romance según el verdadero original de la ystoria cartuxana (Seville: Juan Varela de Salamanca, 1520), fols 16v-19r.
• Notes: A complement to the preceding religious treatise on the Carthusian Order and its founder, St Bruno: 'Estas siguientes seys coplas con su glosa fueron sacadas de los doze triumphos de los apóstolos. Y son del triumpho séptimo [...] comiença el auctor diziendo que vía en este signo [de Libra] sant Bruno Patriarcha. Y nota que el intérprete quiso juntar estas coplas con su breve glosa a la sobredicha tradución porque muy sotilmente se toca en ellas el intento de la vida carthuxana, faziendo comemoración de algunos excelentes y santos varones desta orden' (fol. 16v). Phrases and words from each stanza are glossed, the word or phrase being repeated and set within brackets inside single block of text.
• References: Martín Abad 826; Norton 987.

• Author: Pedro, Condestable de Portugal.
• Date: 1453-55.
• Dedicatee: Afonso V of Portugal (1432-81).
• Witnesses: Esc. MS Q.II.24, fols 1-143 (EM10-1); BNE, MS 3694, fols 5-66v (MN11-1); Zaragoza: Juan or Pablo Hurus, c. 1490 (90*PP-1). The poem without glosses is printed in the Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende (Lisbon: Herman de Campos, 1516), fols 73r-79v (16RE-330).
• Notes: In both manuscripts the text of the poem is centred on the page and surrounded by the commentary in smaller script. The Zaragoza edition places the stanzas in the centre of each opening, with glosses in the outer margins or following each stanza where necessary, but with no clear link between text and gloss. Also Latin tags in margins. Dutton and ISTC attribute the commentary in Zaragoza c. 1490 to Antonio de Urrea; he, however, merely had the work printed: 'ya sea ninguna obra de las aquí contenidas sea mía [...] trabajé en divulgar la presente obra que quasi stava scondida', because it contained 'saber e consuelo para la vida humana' and lessons pertaining to the 'vivir político y moral [...] mucho conformes para alcançar la felicidad eterna' (ed. Adão da Fonseca, p. xviii).
• Editions: Obras Completas do Condestavel Dom Pedro de Portugal, ed. Luís Adão da Fonseca (Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1975); Pedro de Portugal, Coplas del menosprecio e contempto de las cosas fermosas del mundo, ed. Aida Fernanda Dias (Coimbra: Almedina, 1976).
• Bibliography: Adão da Fonseca, edition, pp. xv-xix, xxxi-xxxii; Moreno, 'Descripción codicológica MN11'.
• References: Dutton ID4300; BETA texid 1698; EM10 manid 2060, Zarco Cuevas, II, 343-76; MN11 manid 2059; 90*PP manid 2061, ISTC ip00248000.

• Author: Pedro, Condestable de Portugal.
• Date: 1449-55 (Viña-Liste 293).
• Dedicatee: Queen Isabel of Portugal (1432-55), the author's sister.
• Witnesses: BNE, MS 4023, fols 1r-64r (manid 2062); Barcelona, private collection (manid 2858); Lisbon, Museu Nacional de Arqueologia Dr. Leite de Vasconcelos, no shelfmark (manid 4519), 16th-century fragment.
• Notes: A major instance of self-commentary, begun in Portuguese but completed in Castilian; the original has not survived. Both 15th-century copies (BNE, MS 4023 being a luxury illuminated manuscript, compiled under the author's supervision) adopt the same layout: text centred, with surrounding glosses in smaller script. Writing as 'el auctor', Don Pedro explains the nature and function of his 100 glosses, which justify the work's subtitle, Argos: 'Ca asý como aquél cient ojos tenía, asý aquélla ciento glosas contyene [...]. E asý como el ojo da, trae e causa gozo e alegría, asý la glosa alegra, satisfaziendo a lo obscuro, e declarando lo occulto' (ed. Adão da Fonseca, pp. 12-13). Besides explaining and authorizing the text (Don Pedro recognizes that self-commentary was not an ancient practice), the glosses provide a hermeneutic framework, as well as instruction and pleasure in the delights of ancient myth and legend.
• Editions: Opúsculos literarios, ed. Paz y Melia, pp. 45-101, with partial edition of glosses; Obras completas, ed. Adão da Fonseca; Sátira de infelice e felice vida, ed. Guillermo Serés (Alcalá de Henares: Centro de Estudios Cervantinos, 2008).
• Bibliography: Alan Deyermond, 'Lost Literature in Medieval Portuguese', in Medieval and Renaissance Studies in Honour of Robert Brian Tate, ed. Ian Michael (Oxford: Dolphin, 1986), pp. 1-13 (p. 10); Julian Weiss, 'Las «fermosas e peregrinas ystorias»: sobre la glosa ornamental cuatrocentista', RLM, 2 (1990), 103-12 (pp. 104-06); Jesús D. Rodríguez Velasco, 'La producción del margen', La Corónica, 39.1 (Fall 2010), 249-72 (pp. 260-62); Michael Agnew, 'The «Comedieta» of the Sátira: Don Pedro de Portugal's Monkeys in the Margins', MLN, 118 (2003), 298-317.
• References: BETA texid 1699; Dutton ID4654 P 4655; Diccionario filológico, pp. 446-48.

• Author(s): Anonymous.
• Date: Poem, 1432-52; glosses, XV2.
• Dedicatee: Of poem, Alvar García de Santa María (c. 1380-1460).
• Witnesses and notes: Díez Garretas and Diego Lobejón list numerous manuscript witnesses, with glosses in Latin and Castilian. Their edition is based on a manuscript that does not contain glosses, BNE, MS 10047 (MN29), which they believe to have been copied c. 1454, as a revised redaction sent by the poet to García de Santa María. Their list (pp. 74-86), summarized below, does not indicate the relationship (if any) between the glosses, or their content.
  1. Geneva, Fondation Martin Bodmer, MS 45, Cancionero del Conde de Haro (GB1; BETA manid 1793): 'glosas en prosa, en latín y castellano, de dos manos diferentes y posteriores a la copia, en el margen derecho del folio (coplas 91-93)'.
  2. Harvard, Houghton f MS Span 97, Cancionero de Oñate-Castañeda (HH1; BETA manid 1218): 'anotaciones en los márgenes de una mano posterior'.
  3. Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, 20/5/6 (MM1; BETA manid 1992): 'numerosas y extensas citas eruditas en latín que posteriormente traduce y glosa en castellano: bíblicas, de Catón, Séneca, Santos Padres, etc. [...] ocupan los márgenes, los espacios entre las coplas e incluso entre las columnas, son del mismo copista'. One of the fragments of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
  4. Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS B89-V1-13 (MM2; BETA manid 2064): 'algunas notas en los márgenes en latín y castellano'.
  5. Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS B97-V3-02 (MM3; BETA manid 2076): 'anotaciones y citas en latín en los márgenes derecho e izquierdo del folio'.
  6. BNE, MS 3686 (MN10; BETA manid 2677): 'numerosas citas y anotaciones latinas en los márgenes, derecho o izquierdo [...] corresponden a dos manos diferentes aunque coetáneas, una parece ser del mismo copista'.
  7. BnF, MS fonds esp. 228 (PN6; BETA manid 2705): 'epígrafes temáticos y algunas glosas y anotaciones en latín (más extensas a partir del f. XLV)'.
  8. BnF, MS fonds esp. 510, Cancionero de Salvá (PN13; BETA manid 1223): 'breves anotaciones en los márgenes'.
  9. Salamanca, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 2762 (SA9; BETA manid 2712): 'anotaciones en los márgenes, en latín y algunas en castellano'.
• Bibliography: María Jesús Díez Garretas and María Wenceslada de Diego Lobejón, Un cancionero para Alvar García de Santamaría: 'Diversas virtudes y vicios' de Fernán Pérez de Guzmán (Tordesillas: Instituto de Estudios de Iberoamérica y Portugal, 2000).
• References: Dutton ID0072; BETA texid 1711 (NB listed incorrectly as Sietecientas).

• Author: Anonymous (authorial?).
• Date: Poem, 1452 ad quem (Viña Liste 157).
• Dedicatee: Of poem, Fernán Gómez de Guzmán, Comendador Mayor de Calatrava (d. 1466).
• Witness: BnF, MS fonds esp. 233, fols 103r-168r (PN10-43). No mention of glosses in this or the other fourteen manuscripts listed by Dutton or BETA.
• Notes: Apart from one Latin quotation from Psalms, glosses are in Castilian, identifying historical characters and places, with occasional references to chronicle sources (e. g. Lucas de Tuy, Jiménez de Rada). Their presence in other manuscripts remains to be confirmed. Their relationship to glosses on the Loores in MM1 is uncertain (see A31).
• Edition: Foulché-Delbosc, I, 706-52.
• References: Dutton ID0105; BETA texid 1708; manid 1915.

• Author: Anonymous: compiler of Cancionero de Barrantes, copied by Pedro de Zúñiga.
• Date: 1474-80, see A5.
• Witness: Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS 20/5/6 (MM1), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
• Notes: Dutton and Faulhaber, 'The «Lost» Barrantes Cancionero', pp. 187-88, and Conde, La creación, pp. 155-58, record Castilian and Latin glosses, some substantial. The former do not note all the glossed works identified by Conde, who lists them as follows: Confesión rimada (fols 79r-89v); Tratado de las cuatro virtudes (fols 89v-92v), Proverbios (fols 92v-95r), Tratado de vicios e virtudes (fols 95r-113v), Loores divinos a los maitines (fols 112v-113r), Himno a nuestra Señora (fols 113v-114r), Cient trinadas de Santa María (fols 114r-115v), Alabanza a San Gil (fols 117r), Alabanza a San Lucas evangelista (fols 117rv), Himno y alabanza a Santa Leocadia (fol. 117v), Loores de los claros varones de Castilla (fols 118v-135r). The relationship of the glosses on the Loores to those printed by Foulché-Delbosc (A30), whose source is unidentified (but probably PN10), is yet to be determined. However, since Conde describes them as 'abundantísimas glosas en latín y castellano', they are probably different. See also the description of the glosses in this cancionero supplied by Díez Garretas and Diego Lobejón in A29.
• References: BETA manid (manuscript) 1992. Texts: Confesión: Dutton ID2903, texid 2847; Cuatro virtudes: Dutton ID0090, texid 2848; Proverbios: Dutton ID0038, texid 2205; Vicios e virtudes: Dutton ID0072, texid 1711 (NB listed incorrectly as Sietecientas); Himno: Dutton ID0077, texid (none supplied); San Gil: Dutton ID0080, texid 4651; San Lucas: Dutton ID0081, texid 4652; Santa Leocadia: Dutton ID0082, texid 4653; Loores: Dutton ID0105, texid 1708.

• Author: Anonymous.
• Date: 1492-1506.
• Witnesses: Las coplas del dicho Fernand Pérez de Guzmán (Seville: Ungut and Polono, 1492) (92PG), incomplete; subsequently printed with new title (Seville: Jacobo Cromberger, 1506) (06PO), followed by seven editions up to 1566 (Díez Garretas and Diego Lobejón, Un cancionero para Alvar García de Santamaría, pp. 88-89).
• Notes: The title Sietecientas was almost certainly conferred upon this compilation, which includes, but is not limited to, the Coplas de vicios e virtudes (pace some earlier descriptions), in order to capitalize on the prestige of Mena's Trescientas. It constitutes a new compilation of the poet's moral and religious verse, with the title Diversas virtudes e himnos rimados e loores divinos, and the relationship of its prose glosses to those recorded in the manuscripts listed in A29 is yet to be determined. Díez Garretas and Diego Lobejón do not describe the Sietecientas or include it in their table of manuscript correspondences. The 1506 edition has a table of rubrics which summarize the doctrinal content of the poems, fols a1v-a2v (i. e. three pages in two columns). The glosses and commentary are found in the following sections, at the end of an abbreviated compilation of the Coplas de vicios e virtudes.
  1. fol. d4v: 'De avaricia': 'Todo vicio humano por tiempo enflaquece [...] e quando más traga más fambre le crece'. Introduced by a large initial (five lines deep, and the only one in the volume): 'Avaricia es un vicio o maldat con la qual el rico es pobre e mendiga de cada día'. Explicit fol. d5v: 'por esso bien dize «más hambre le cresce quanto más traga»'. Gloss cites authorities such as Psalms, Cicero, St Augustine, and St Gregory in Castilian.
  2. fols d5v-e1r: 'Aquí comiença la exposición del Pater Noster': 'Comoquier que la declaración del Pater Noster conviene ser mejor después del baptismo'. A prose introduction, followed by Latin text of Lord's Prayer, with Pérez de Guzmán's verse gloss in arte menor, 'Padre Nuestro que estás' (ID0086; Foulché-Delbosc, pp. 671-72), concluding with prose exposition.
  3. fols e1r-e2v: 'Ave preciosa María' (Dutton 0087; Foulché Delbosc, p. 671): Latin prayer with verse gloss, followed by prose exposition.
  4. fols e2v-e3v: list of Latin religious terms, glossed in Castilian.
  5. fols e3v-e4r: 'Sancta Maria mater dei / ora pro nobis peccatoribus' (ID0087): single stanza verse gloss, followed by prose exposition.
  The compilation then returns to Pérez de Guzmán's religious verse with the 'Loores divinos a los maytines', followed by other works.
• Edition: Las sietecientas del docto e noble cavallero Fernan Perez de Guzman, las quales son bien scientificas e de grandes e diversas materias e muy provechosas, por las quales qualquier honbre puede tomar regla e doctrina y exenplo de bien vivir [Seville, 1506], facsimile ed. Antonio Pérez Gómez, El ayre de la almena, 14 (Cieza: 'la fonte que mana y corre', 1965).
• Bibliography: On relation between manuscript and printed transmission of Pérez de Guzmán's moral and religious verse see Diccionario filológico, pp. 504-07, and Díez Garretas and Diego Lobejón, Un cancionero para Alvar García de Santamaría.
• References: ISTC ip00273700; Martín Abad 1208-1210; Norton 764, 783, 897.

• Author(s): Anonymous.
• Dedicatee: 'Algunos mancebos' of court of Juan II (author's rubric).
• Date: Text: 1439-41 (Viña Liste 179), glosses: XVex.
• Witnesses: British Library, Egerton MS 1868, fols 238r-268r (manid 1633); BNE, MS Res 125, fols 20r-47r (manid 1159); Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/1341, fols 3r-13r (manid 2118); Madrid, Real Academia Española, MS RM-64 (olim Rodríguez-Moñino MS Vitrina, 6º, 64), fols 44v-58r (manid 1616); New York, Hispanic Society of America, MS B2705, fols 39v-59r (manid 4024); 16th-century copies: Copenhagen, Det Kongelige Bibliothek, Gaml. Kongl. Saml. MS 2219, fols 2v-3r (manid 2952; partial copy); Madrid, RAH, MS 9-2-4/213, fols 1r-22r (manid 2117); 18th-century copy: Madrid, RAH, MS 9-27-4/5218 (manid 1564).
• Notes: Three 15th-century manuscripts contain marginal annotation, whose relationship I have not been able to determine. In BNE, MS Res. 125, 'prácticamente todos los folios presentan anotaciones marginales de, al menos, dos manos diferentes' (Diccionario filológico, p. 730); Paz y Melia's apparatus includes the marginal notes from MS RM-64, which simply list occasional names of auctores and topics. They differ from the more extensive annotation in Egerton MS 1868, fols 238-68. Besides marginal corrections neatly inserted by the scribe and marked with a cross, a later reader has attempted to construct a marginal index of key ideas. These brief notes are found on nearly every page, but only up to fol. 259v. There are also a few faded notes scrawled in a different hand. The two sixteenth-century scribes of RAH MS 9-2-4/213 also annotated the work (Diccionario filológico, p. 731). These notes need to be read in light of the debates over the nature and juridical basis of the nobility, in particular the theories of Diego de Valera (see below).
• Editions: (Text without glosses) Obras de Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara (o del Padrón), ed. Antonio Paz y Melia, Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 22 (Madrid, 1884), pp. 131-73; Obras de Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, ed. César Hernández Alonso (Madrid: Editora Nacional, 1982), pp. 259-306.
• Bibliography: On relationship of text to ideas of Bartolus and Diego de Valera (no reference to glosses), see Jesús D. Rodríguez Velasco, El debate sobre la caballería en el siglo XV: la tratadística caballeresca castellana en su marco europeo ([Valladolid]: Junta de Castilla y León, 1996), pp. 265-66, 285-86, 289-90, 298-301, 313-14, 410-11.
• References: BETA texid 1404; Diccionario filológico, pp. 729-32.

• Author: Beltrán de la Cueva, Duque de Alburquerque (c. 1440-92).
• Date: Text, 1453 ad quem; gloss, 1492 ad quem (Viña-Liste 466).
• Witnesses: Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, MS 138, fols 1r-87v (manid 2130), copied 1474-92; BNE, MS 3350, fols 1r-153v (manid 4331), 16th-century copy; BNE, MS 2970, fols 1r-121v (manid 4332), 17th-century copy; olim BNE, MS L-87, unknown location (manid 4333).
• Notes: The glosses in the Yale manuscript were added in the margins after Sahagún's text had been copied; in the later witnesses they are placed at the end of each chapter.
• Editions: Glosses erroneously attached to Ayala's treatise by the editor in El libro de las aves de caça del canciller Pero López de Ayala con las glosas del Duque de Alburquerque, ed. Emilio Lafuente y Alcántara, Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 5 (Madrid: Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 1869), pp. 169-95; 'Libro de Johán de Sant Fagún', ed. José Gutiérrez de la Vega, La Ilustración Venatoria, 8 (1885), 9-10, 17-19, 25-27, 33-35, 41-43, 49-51, 65-67, 73-75, 81-83, 89-91, 97-99, 105-06, 113-15, 121-23; 'Libro de cetrería' de Juan de Sahagún. Glosas de don Beltrán de la Cueva seguido del 'Discurso del falcón esmerejón' del Conde de Puñonrostro, ed. Antonio Manzanares Palarea, Alcotán, 1 (Madrid: Caïrel, 1984); 'El Libro de las aves de caza de Juan de Sahagún: edición paleográfica del MS 138 de la Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University', ed. Ana María Rico Martín (unpublished memoria de licenciatura, UNED, 1990).
• Bibliography: José Manuel Fradejas Rueda, Bibliotheca cinegetica hispanica: bibliografía crítica de los libros de cetrería y montería hispano-portugueses anteriores a 1799, Research Bibliographies & Checklists, 50 (London: Grant & Cutler, 1991), pp. 37, 80-81.
• References: BETA texid (text) 1745; texid (gloss) 4423; Diccionario filológico, pp. 686-88.

• Author: Anonymous.
• Date: c. 1500.
• Witnesses: British Library, Add. MS 10431, Cancionero de la British Library, fols 17v-19v (LB1-40). BNE, MS 17784 (MN41) is 19th-century copy. According to Dutton, the poem without glosses is attested in six other witnesses (MN14, SA10b, 11CG, 14CG, 14*BM, 15*BM) and later pliegos sueltos.
• Notes: The glosses accompanying the poem (ten octosyllabic stanzas) are copied in the same hand as the text, 'situadas al lado de los versos' (Moreno, 'Descripción codicológica, LB1', p. 21). They explain Latinisms and mythological references, cite Ovid's Metamorphoses once, otherwise 'los poetas'.
• Edition: Partially transcribed by Patrick Gallagher, The Life and Works of Garci Sánchez de Badajoz (London: Tamesis, 1968), pp. 89-90.
• References: Dutton ID0731; LB1-40: BETA manid 1226.

• Author: Anonymous: compiler of Cancionero de Barrantes, copied by Pedro de Zúñiga.
• Date: 1474-80, but see A5.
• Witness: Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS 20/5/6, fols 4r-21r (MM1), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
• Notes: A few glosses on fol. 19 (Conde, La creación, p. 154), not as extensive as glosses on other texts in this cancionero.
• Bibliography: Dutton and Faulhaber, 'The «Lost» Barrantes Cancionero'; Conde, La creación, pp. 153-58.
• References: Dutton ID4279; BETA texid (poem) 1762; manid 1992.

• Author: Anonymous.
• Date: Original poem, 1416-18; refundición 1460.
• Dedicatee: Original poem, Catherine of Lancaster, Queen of Castile (1373-1418); revised version, Enrique IV (1425-74).
• Witnesses: Esc. MS X.II.17, fols 1r-84v (EM12-1); Madrid, Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, MS 425, fols 1r-62v (ML, Conde's siglum).
• Notes: Numerous exegetical and historiographical glosses providing basic exposition and amplification of this substantial refundición of the Santa María poem. Relatively few authorities cited (the Bible, Josephus, St Augustine, Bede). Adopts a technique that Conde terms 'glosa unada', which entails 'un constante adelanto de acontecimientos por parte de la glosa con respecto al texto refundido' (p. 241). Occasionally cites Crónica de 1344. Lázaro Galdiano MS 425 is a 16th-century manuscript, whose copyist has introduced some revisions to the content and layout of the earlier gloss.
• Edition: Of EM12, Conde, La creación, pp. 347-410, also online at <http://www.uv.es/~lemir>.
• Bibliography: J. Zarco Cuevas, 'Las edades trovadas atribuidas a don Pablo de Santa María conforme a los códices escuriales h-II-22 y X-II-17', La Ciudad de Dios, 105 (1916), 114-20; Conde, La creación, pp. 145-48, 151-53 (description of EM12 and ML respectively), pp. 230-43 (study).
• References: Dutton ID4279; BETA texid 3145; Diccionario filológico, pp. 858-64; EM12: Zarco Cuevas, II, 481-82; manid 2165; ML: manid 3464.

• Author: Anonymous.
• Dedicatee: Of poem, Pedro I; of manuscript, Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Conde de Haro (c. 1430-92).
• Date: XVmed.
• Witness: BNE, MS 9216, fols 61r-82v.
• Notes: According to the prologue: 'declararé algo en las trobas [...] en algunas partes que parescen escuras, aunque non son escuras salvo por quanto son trobas. [...] E esto quiero yo trabajar en declarar [...] para algunos que pueden ser que leerán e non entenderán syn otro gelas declare, commo algunas vezes lo he ya visto esto' (ed. Perry, p. 6). Glosses do not survive.
• Edition: Santob de Carrión, Proverbios morales, ed. Theodore A. Perry (Madison: HSMS, 1986) is the only modern edition to use this manuscript as base text.
• References: Dutton ID4380; BETA texid 1434; manid 1411; Diccionario filológico, pp. 941-44.

• Author: Anonymous (Navarro-Aragonese).
• Date: Text, c. 1440 (Viña-Liste 266); glosses, 1480 a quo.
• Dedicatee: (Text) Juan de Beaumont, chancellor and camarero mayor of the Prince of Viana.
• Witnesses: BNE, MS 3367. The fourteen other 15th-century manuscripts and four incunables lack glosses. However, in the margins of Esc. MS M.II.4 there is significant textual collation; in BnF, MS fonds esp. 39, there are illustrations of allegorical figures and some auctores, and interlinear lexical glosses in Catalan. In the 18th century, Rafael de Floranes added copious notes to Biblioteca de Catalunya, MS 970.
• Notes: An unusual and important set of occasionally extensive marginal glosses, translated from the late 15th-century Catalan commentary prepared by 'mestre Aleix' for his edition of Arnau Estanyol's 14th-century translation of Giles of Rome. The Navarro-Aragonese annotator (not the copyist) omitted some glosses and transcribed others imperfectly. Glossed words are underlined in red. The principal concern is with matters of natural philosophy, the main source being Aristotle and his commentators and the Sentences of Peter Lombard.
• Editions: Alfonso de la Torre, Visión deleytable, ed. Jorge García López, 2 vols, Textos recuperados, 6 (Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 1991); glosses in II, 15-70.
• Bibliography: For manuscripts and printed editions, see García López, edition, I, 13-34 (p. 16); see, however, the criticisms and corrections of Jukka Kiviharju, 'Sobre una versión navarroaragonesa de las glosas del Mestre Aleix de Barcelona para su versión catalana del De Regimine Principum de Egidio Romano', Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios Latinos, 9 (1995), 179-86; Concepción Salinas Espinosa, Poesía y prosa didáctica en el siglo XV: la obra del bachiller Alfonso de la Torre (Zaragoza: Prensas Universitarias, 1997), pp. 176-80.
• References: BETA texid 1774; manid 3365; Diccionario filológico, pp. 128-32.

• Author: Diego de Valera.
• Date: 1448 a quo? (Viña-Liste 252); 1461 a quo (Diccionario filológico).
• Dedicatee: Rodrigo Alfonso Pimentel y Meneses, 4th Conde de Benavente.
• Witnesses: BNE, MS 1341, fols 106r-111r (manid 1759); BNE, MS 12672, fols 84v-90r (manid 2212). One other manuscript, BNE, MS 12701, fols 36r-37v (manid 2200), omits the glosses.
• Notes: Valera provides classical and patristic authorities, sometimes in Latin, 'extraídas de sus propias lecturas o de índices o compilaciones de dichos de sabios' (Rodríguez Velasco, p. 271).
• Edition: Prosistas castellanos del siglo XV, I, ed. Mario Penna, BAE, 116 (Madrid: Atlas), pp. 147-54.
• Bibliography: Jesús D. Rodríguez Velasco, El debate sobre la caballería en el siglo XV: la tratadística caballeresca castellana en su marco europeo ([Valladolid]: Junta de Castilla y León, 1996), pp. 271-72, 355-56.
• References: BETA texid 1780; Diccionario filológico, pp. 416-17.

• Author: Diego de Valera.
• Date: 1445-48? (Rodríguez Velasco).
• Dedicatee: Juan Pacheco, Marqués de Villena.
• Witnesses: Five 15th- or early 16th-century manuscripts: BNE, MS 1341, fols 59v-64v (manid 1759); BNE, MS 10445, fols 139r-142r (manid 1913); BNE, MS 12672, fols 70r-75r (manid 2212); BNE, MS 12701, fols 27r-30r (manid 2200); Madrid, Real Academia Española, MS RM-64, fols 58v-62r (manid 1616). Six incunables: Zaragoza: Juan or Pablo Hurus, 1488-90, fols 41-43 (manid 1727; ISTC il00282000); Seville: Ungut and Polono, 1494, fols 84r-88v (manid 1728; ISTC il00283000); Seville: Tres compañeros alemanes, 1499, fols 75v-79v (manid 1726; ISTC il00283500); Seville: Polono, 1500, fols 76r-79v (manid 1921; ISTC il00283800); Toledo: Pedro Hagembach, c. 1500, or successor of Pedro Hagembach, c. 1510 (manid 1729; ISTC il00285000); Salamanca: Printer of Nebrija's Gramática, c. 1500, fols 32va-34rb (manid 1922; ISTC il00284000).
• Notes: Supported by general references to the Bible, Aristotle, Seneca, and Boethius, Valera adds five notes to clarify the key moral terms of this brief treatise, which appropriately accompanies Santillana's Proverbios with Díaz de Toledo's commentary (A11) in the incunables.
• Edition: Prosistas castellanos, ed. Penna, pp. 141-46.
• Bibliography: For dating, see Rodríguez Velasco, El debate, pp. 228-29.
• References: BETA texid 1795; Diccionario filológico, pp. 417-18.

• Author: Diego de Valera.
• Date: 1474-77 (Viña-Liste 252).
• Dedicatee: Ferdinand of Aragon (1452-1516).
• Witnesses: BNE, MS 1341, fols 113r-46r (manid 1759); BNE, MS 2953 (manid 2214); BNE, MS 7099, fols 46r-73v (manid 1924); BNE, MS 10445, fols 107r-123v (manid 1913); BNE, MS 12672, fols 1r-36r (manid 2212); Parma, Biblioteca Palatina, MS Palatino 86 (manid 2213); New York, Hispanic Society of America, MS B2572, fols 1r-66v (manid 1677); Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS 19/6/3 (manid 3476), 18th-century copy; Zaragoza?: Pablo Hurus, c. 1492-95.
• Notes: Valera's preface explains that his treatise will enable Ferdinand to study the original sources of his compendium of political thought. Thus his glosses (over twenty of them) review principal authorities for general philosophical concepts and clarify meanings of key terms.
• Editions: Juan de Mata Carriazo, 'Lecciones al Rey Católico: el Doctrinal de Príncipes de Mosén Diego de Valera', Anales de la Universidad Hispalense, 16 (1955), 73-131; Prosistas castellanos, ed. Penna, pp. 173-202; Diego de Valera, Doctrinal de príncipes, ed. Silvia Monti (Verona: Università degli Studi di Verona, 1982).
• Bibliography: Mario Schiff, La Bibliothèque du Marquis de Santillane (1905; repr. Amsterdam: Van Heusen, 1970), pp. 72-73 on BNE, MS 10445; Rodríguez Velasco, El debate, pp. 243-45, 357-58, 417.
• References: BETA texid 1785; ISTC iv00018500; Diccionario filológico, pp. 421-22.

• Author: Diego de Valera.
• Date: c. 1441.
• Dedicatee: Juan II (1405-54).
• Witnesses: BNE, MS 1341, fols 17r-46v (manid 1759); BNE, MS 7099, fols 90r-117v (manid 5022); BNE, MS 7558, fols 39v-48r (manid 3279), chs 10 and 11 only; BNE, MS 12672, fols 118r-148v (manid 2212); BNE, MS 12690 (manid 3158), incomplete; BNE, MS 12701, fols 3v-25v (manid 2200); Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/1341, fols 1r-3r (manid 2118), fragment; Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/2078 (manid 3249); Madrid, Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, MS 474, fols 332r-335r (manid 1661); Esc. MS N.I.13(2), fols 54r-78r (manid 4828); New York, Hispanic Society of America, MS HC397/762 (manid 4038); Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/758 (manid 4691), 17th-century copy.
• Notes: The dozen glosses explain allusions to classical heroes, moral and religious issues, notably the genealogy of Muhammad and the Muslims. Valera's ironical critique of opposing views of nobility (probably those of Juan Rodríguez del Padrón) extends into his glosses (e. g. no. 3). BETA notes glosses in BNE, MS 12690, and commentary in New York, Hispanic Society of America, MS HC397/762. I do not know if they are identical.
• Edition: Prosistas castellanos, ed. Penna, pp. 89-116.
• Bibliography: Rodríguez Velasco, El debate, pp. 222-24, 416.
• References: BETA texid 1786; Diccionario filológico, pp. 406-08. The Diccionario does not include the fragment in BNE, MS 7558, whereas BETA lists BNE, MSS 7099 and 9985, and Real Biblioteca, MS II/2078 as Tratado de la nobleza (texid 1792) querying whether it is identical to the Espejo.

• Author: Diego de Valera.
• Date: 1447-48.
• Dedicatee: Juan II (1405-54).
• Witnesses: BNE, MS 1341, fols 47r-59v (manid 1759); BNE, MS 9263 (manid 3289), owned by Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Conde de Haro.
• Notes: Over sixty bibliographical references, in Latin, for the practical political theories outlined in the treatise: 'son una referencia práctica para la lectura, una fuente para la revisión de una política de la pacificación' (Jesús D. Rodríguez Velasco, 'La producción del margen', La Corónica, 39.1 (Fall 2010), 249-72 (pp. 257-58). Both manuscripts are of high quality, possibly executed under Valera's supervision.
• Edition: Prosistas castellanos, ed. Penna, pp. 77-87.
• Bibliography: On the aims of the treatise and Valera's scholastic glosses (typical of an autodidact), see Rodríguez Velasco, El debate, pp. 232-36, 416.
• References: BETA texid 2672; Diccionario filológico, pp. 409-10.

• Author: Diego de Valera (?).
• Date: 1439 ante quem.
• Witness: BNE, MS 23071 (49-folio fragment; original foliation, 483-527).
• Notes: A possible example of self-exegesis, attributable to Diego de Valera (who glossed six of his own prose treatises). The single extant manuscript is copied in a late 15th-century hand. References to Mena's Coronación indicate that it was composed after 1439. Forty stanzas of coplas reales depict a parade of exemplary lovers. Substantial glosses are copied out after the stanzas, in the manner of a prosimetrum. Unlike Francesc Moner's later glosa (see my introduction, above), they provide a declaración of the poem's literary and legendary references, citing numerous biblical, classical and contemporary authorities, including important evidence for the reception of the Amadís romance and the biography of Juan Rodríguez del Padrón.
• Bibliography: Unpublished. For extracts, manuscript description, attribution, and reproduction of one folio, see Alberto Blecua, 'El Molino de amor y la Mano de amor, ¿dos obras nuevas de don Diego de Valera?', in Dejar hablar a los textos: homenaje a Francisco Márquez Villanueva, ed. Pedro M. Piñero Ramírez (Seville: Universidad de Sevilla, 2005), I, 154-72.
• References: BETA, not listed.

• Author: Diego de Valera.
• Date: 1445 ad quem.
• Dedicatee: María de Aragón, Queen of Castile (c. 1400-45).
• Witnesses: Esc. MS N.I.13, fols 79r-83v (manid 4828); BNE, MS 1341, fols 1r-14v (manid 1759); BNE, MS 9985, fols 52r-64r (manid 1987); BNE, MS 12672, fols 94r-117v (manid 2212); New York, Hispanic Society of America, MS B2705, fols 1r-17r (manid 4024).
• Notes: Following a brief accessus, Valera adds a substantial set of glosses primarily to elucidate the lives of the famous women; occasional philosophical and mythographical notes and authorities (e. g. Ovid, Isidore, Boethius, Dante). Glosses sometimes in margins (e. g. BNE, MS 1341), sometimes following each chapter (e. g. BNE, MS 12672).
• Editions: Epístolas de Mosén Diego de Valera [...] juntamente con otros cinco tratados del mismo autor, ed. José Antonio de Balenchana (Madrid: Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 1878); Prosistas castellanos, ed. Penna, pp. 53-76; Tratado en defensa de las virtuosas mugeres, ed. María Ángeles Suz Ruiz (Madrid: El Archipiélago, 1983); Texto y concordancias de la 'Defenssa de virtuossas mugeres', Biblioteca Nacional Ms. 1341, ed. María Isabel Montoya (Madison: HSMS, 1992); Defensa de virtuosas mujeres, ed. Federica Accorsi, Biblioteca di studi ispanici, 22 (Pisa: ETS, 2009).
• Bibliography: For general overview of sources, meaning, and literary context, see Accorsi's introduction, esp. pp. 142-53 on self-commentary, and Weiss, The Poet's Art, pp. 114-15; for ideological implications, see Julian Weiss, '«¿Qué demandamos de las mugeres?»: Forming the Debate about Women in Late Medieval Spain (with a Baroque Response)', in Gender in Debate from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, ed. Thelma Fenster and Clare Lees (New York: Palgrave, 2001), pp. 237-81 (pp. 249-53); for disposition and mnemonic and cognitive function, see Jesús D. Rodríguez Velasco, 'La producción del margen', La Corónica, 39.1 (Fall 2010), 249-72 (pp. 259-60), and 'La Bibliotheca y los márgenes: ensayo teórico sobre la glosa en el ámbito cortesano del siglo XV en Castilla, I: códice, dialéctica y autoridad', eHumanista, 1 (2001), 119-34 (p. 127); for self-exegesis, see Rodríguez-Velasco, 'Autoglosa: Diego de Valera y su Tratado en defensa de virtuosas mujeres', RPh, 60 (2007), 10-33.
• References: BETA texid 1784; Diccionario filológico, pp. 408-09.